Should Slave Contracts be Legal - 1278 Words

Even 150 years after the abolition of slavery, it is still a hot button issue as to its lasting effects on racial relations and social hierarchy to this very day. While no sane, intelligent person would claim that the mass enslavement of Africans, Native Americans, or other nationalities and races was a good thing, simply due to human rights violations and the philosophical invention of racism, philosophers as recent as Robert Nozick are able to ask a different question with a similar moral implication: should someone be able to legally sell themselves into slavery free of coercion? While many philosophers disagree with Nozick’s affirmation of slave contracts, if principles of self-ownership are applied, it is apparent that slave contracts†¦show more content†¦Specifically, John Locke says in his work Two Tretises of Government â€Å"For a Man, not having the Power of his own Life, cannot, by Compact or his own Consent, enslave himself to any one, nor put himself und er the Absolute, Arbitrary Power of another, to take away his Life, when he pleases.† This idea of divine authority is what leads me to believe that the church guided Locke’s philosophy a different direction than it would have gone without outside coercion. In context, Locke’s philosophies were written in 1690, long before the atheist revolution within the philosophical community in the post-Darwinian era of science. Furthermore, without the fundamental assumption of God his theory cannot stand. This is even more important than possible beliefs Locke may have if born in a different time, because modern philosophy has dictated that the concept of God and philosophy must be made separate because one cannot ever truly know if a God exists. This rule that dictates a separation of church and philosophy has existed since the philosophical teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche were accepted into the philosophical community, and these more modern acceptances counter an older culture. Therefore, Locke does not make a convincing argument based on the fact his philosophies aren’t valid in a more progressive society. Another philosopher who makes argument against the concept of voluntary slavery is John Stuart Mill, known for coining the termShow MoreRelatedLiving Behind the Obscurities of Slavery764 Words   |  4 Pagesacres and a mule’ so they could start life anew.† (Tolman, 2013) The former slaves were dependent on society to contribute profoundly as their ancestors provided unto the slavery system; however, the principle was to unrestrained vassals, not provide for them. Did the slave masters illustrate affection toward their unrestrictive survival? Of course not, the controllers’ needs were no longer being fulfilled, so why resources should be given to their â€Å"unequal†? Yes, African Americans were incompetent toRead MoreThe Hardship Of American Slavery1082 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign country. The slaves reall y had a hard time with their lives. Many Americans ruined African Americans’ lives by treating them as lesser beings and using them for their own needs, this not only takes away their freedom but also their dignity and since the Americans took away the slave’s freedom, they shall not deserve any themselves. The slaves were treated poorly and often beaten so the slaves would stay obedient to their master. â€Å"The diary of Bennet H. Barrow, a slave owner from LouisianaRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk1236 Words   |  5 PagesDu Bois’ quote, â€Å"What after all, am I? Am I an American or am I Negro? Can I be both?† (1897) is something I have personally struggled with all my life. This question can be answered in two different time periods. To Du Bois the ideal, what Negroes should strive for, would be to be both. But in his time this was impossible due to institutionalized and taught racism. Today I feel like it is possible to be both; however it is not exactly what I feel Du Bois had in mind. Du Bois argues in his book TheRead MoreThe Rousseau s Thesis And Social Contract1548 Words   |  7 PagesTo better understand Rousseau’s thesis and social contract he proposed, we must first understand why Rousseau felt compelled to write and his main criticism of society during the 18th century. In sum, Rousseau argued that states (specifically France, though never explicitly stated) have not protected man’s right to freedom or equality. Rousseau began The Social Contract in dramatic fashion. He wrote, â€Å"man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains† (1). This quote is still used today, and isRead MoreEssay about Slavery by Another Name1282 Words   |  6 PagesRoanoke, the thought of chattel slavery had neither a clear law nor economic practice with the English. However by the end of that following century, the demand for slaves in the English colonies including the Chesapeake, Barbados, Pennsylvania and the Carolinas was so great and the majority of labor was carried out by West African slaves. The argument of whether Native Americans could also be used as a form of labor for the plantation societies of the English colonies is one that was long disputedRead MoreMoral Conflict Within The United States Constitution1499 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesbefore has a legal case caused me so much moral conflict within; a runaway slave in the state of Indiana so close to freedom yet faced with the impending possibility of being returned back to servitude stands before me in the Court. As a moral human being, I want nothing more than to ignore the law and allow the runaway to live out his days as a free man. But as a judge dedicated to serving my country through the Court, I cannot ignore that the law is binding and that the Fugitive Slave clause of theRead MoreIndentured Servitude : A Legal, Written Contract Binding One Party1143 Words   |  5 PagesIndentured Servitude An indenture was a legal, written contract binding one party into the service of another for a specified term.(1) The system of Indenture and Indentured servants was introduced in Colonial America to meet the growing demand for cheap, plentiful labor in the colonies. The indentured servants worked for no wage; instead they worked for basic necessities such as food, clothing and a place to live. (2) Even though slaves existed in the English Colonies in the 1600s, many farmersRead MoreEssay on History of Slavery in the Caribbean720 Words   |  3 Pages. The master’s had total freedom and control over his or her slaves. As a result of this behavior they were able to run successful sugar plantations that resembled modern day factories. Until the end of the 18th century many sugar estates used the gang system. The owner treated hundreds of slaves as units of production. Many plantation owners had a very profitable and prosperous business, but it was expense of human lives. Slaves working in the sugar cane fields always faced the most brutalRead MoreIndentured Servants During The Colonization Era1245 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the colonization era, most of the laborers came from Great Britain as indentured servants. An indentured servant is a person that signed a contract to pay for their passage to America by working. They usually worked on a farm since the colonies were based on agriculture. These servants were young laborers that intended on becoming permanent residents of the Chesapeake Bay settlements. Some servant owners treated them the same way they treated their family members, whether it was good or badRead MoreAfricans in America: the Terrible Transformation Response/Reflection1605 Words   |  7 Pageswas brought to America, and of the conditions under which these slaves were forced to live. The trade that began in Africa was not initially focused on trading humans, but rather on gold. Gradually, the British took control and started traff icking Africans to their colonies in America. The conditions slaves lived under changed drastically from the original conditions when they first arrived to America compared to years after the slave trade had been functioning. This documentary re-examines the appalling

Causes for the Financial Crisis of 2008 - 889 Words

The financial crisis in 2008 was been considered as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. One of the major reasons of the crisis was that banks in the States were given permission by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which allowed banks to affiliate with insurance, real estate, security. The goal was to create financial firms â€Å"better equipped to compete in global financial markets†. With the firewall between commercial banks, which make loans and take deposits, and investment banks, which underwrite securities removed, an opportunity rise for banks to create and push more money and eventually to speculate on financial markets. The financial crisis reminded us that the banking industry has a serious influence†¦show more content†¦The Financial Services Act has allowed The Bank of England to supervise banks in the United Kingdom and intervene if they see any financial activity not consistent with their objectives. They will also regula te the insurance industry through the Prudential Regulation Authority; which will increase confidence in the community by letting them know that they can use these financial services; getting access to money through banks and knowing that their belongings are insured by these firms and putting a stop to speculation. The future of the banking industry looks more sound and secure with new regulations such as the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in the United States and The Financial Services Act in the United Kingdom. Banks now have to pay annual tax from their balance sheets. The government hopes this will discourage banks to do risky financial activities and since the financial crisis began in banking, banks should help the economy recover. These legislations aim to put a stop to the impression that whatever banks do without any consequence they will be bailed out by the government and encourage banks to be more responsible in their financial activit ies. It is important to understand that theseShow MoreRelatedCauses of the 2008 Financial Crisis2661 Words   |  11 PagesCourse Title Date of Submission Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis a) Financial crisis definition Financial crisis is defined as the financial meltdown, or in other terms as the credit crunch. A financial crisis is an economic incidence makes it hard to obtain and access the capital for use in investment. The economic crisis is an ongoing economic problem that was more pronounced in 2008 resulting in the liquidity in the global credit markets and its financial systems (Berlatsky 77). This meansRead MoreCause Of The 2008 Financial Crisis1754 Words   |  8 PagesCauses of the 2008 financial crisis Financial crisis has been prevalent since time immemorial. The world’s economies have been continually hit by the same and the 2008 financial crisis is definitely not the last appearance. The financial sector involves complexity and contains one of the world’s largest players and has continually developed into large conglomerates sometimes too big to control. These financial organizations have developed products that have become hard to regulate and impose controlRead MoreThe Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis621 Words   |  2 PagesReason #1. The 2008 economic downturn was affected by the housing market and specifically the defaulted loan percentage. Davis (2008) claimed Most of the sub-prime loans have been made to borrowers with poor credit ratings, no down payment on the home financed, and/or no verification of income or assets (Alt-As). Close to 25% of sub-prime and Alt-As loans are in default. It seemed in the events leading up to the housing market crash were marred with irresponsible investors who took very littleRead MoreThe Causes and Consequences of the Financial Crisis of 20082496 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish Dossier Milà ©na Gandroz 2A Cycle ICM What are the causes and the consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008? SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION 3 WHY IT HAPPENED? 4 1. Deregulation policy 4 2. Securitization of mortgages 4 HOW IT HAPPENED? 6 1. The subprime crisis 6 2. The financial crisis 6 WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES? 7 1. In the financial sector 7 2. In the United States 8 3. Abroad 8 WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW? 8 1. Some things are changing 8 Read MoreCauses of the Financial Crisis of 2008-20091736 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 According to our financial textbook â€Å" Financial crises are major disruptions in financial markets characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and firm failures† (Mishkin and Eakins 2012). In August 2007, defaults in mortgage market for subprime borrowers sent a shudder through the financial markets, leading to the worst U.S financial crisis since the Great Depression. Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Fed, described the financial crisis as a â€Å"once-in-a-centuryRead MoreCauses Of 2008 Financial Crisis : Imprudent Mortgage Lending912 Words   |  4 PagesCauses of 2008 financial crisis: Imprudent mortgage lending In this essay, imprudent mortgage lending is considered as a main factor, which caused the 2008 financial crisis. It mainly discusses the cause of imprudent mortgage lending and regular changes. And at last, there are some suggestions proposed for mortgage lending’s future development. A famous global bank called Lehman Brothers nearly knocked down the international financial system in September 2008. It was an unexpected collapse, whichRead MoreThe 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations1563 Words   |  7 PagesTHE 2007-2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND THE NEED FOR NEW REGULATIONS The initial cause of the financial turbulence is attributed to the U.S. sub-prime residential mortgage market. The sustained rise in asset prices, particularly house prices, on the back of excessively accommodative monetary policy and lax lending standards during 2002-2006, increased innovation in the new financial instruments, unusual low interest rates resulted in a large rise in mortgage credit to households; particularlyRead MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesderivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to go bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08Read MoreThe Financial And Political Systems Have Always Played1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe financial and political systems have always played a major role in stabilizing the society and ensuring a smooth transition between public policies and economic activities. Over the past decades, we’ve witnessed the global crisis of 2008, which costs â€Å"tens of millions of people their savings, their jobs, and their homes†. Interestingly, the root of the problem comes from the corruption of the financial industry and how the political figures respond to the crisis. This response paper correspondsRead MoreThe 2008 Financial Crisis Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction The 2008 financial crisis led to a sharp increase in mortgage foreclosures primarily subprime leading to a collapse in several mortgage lenders. Recurrent foreclosures and the harms of subprime mortgages were caused by loose lending practices, housing bubble, low interest rates and extreme risk taking (Zandi, 2008). Additionally, expert analysis on the 2008 financial crisis assert that the cause was also due to erroneous monetary policy moves and poor housing policies. The federal government

Color symbolism in the great gatsby Free Essays

string(81) " the innocence of babes surrounding them and protecting their view of the world\." Nick Caraway, the narrator, Is one of the few characters who does not exhale the major laws that the other characters do. He Is able to see what Is wrong In society, at the same time as what Is positive about people, and his viewpoints are what characterize those In the novel. Nick moves to West Egg In the summer of ’22 and begins his life as a bond man after the Great War. We will write a custom essay sample on Color symbolism in the great gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Is who he meets In that summer that the novel Is about, using rich colors to describe his surroundings and having long pollens of people. Colors within the novel help to characterize the people around Nick, describing the nature and characteristics of people by associating them with certain colors. BLUE Nick tends to have a positive opinion of Jay Gatsby, often putting him on somewhat of a pedestal in comparison to many others he met in the summer. Gatsby is a war hero that Nick knew in the war and who later is his neighbor on West Egg. Gatsby is often associated with the color blue, blue only coming up a few times when not associated with Gatsby, the only other reference to blue is of T. J. Eagleburger eyes. Blue is used to characterize people as watchers, or omnipresent people. After Wilson, a mechanic and husband, loses his wife Myrtle in a car accident, Wilson looks out the window at â€Å"the eyes of Doctor T. J. Cocklebur, which had Just emerged, pale and enormous, from the dissolving night. ‘God sees everything†(107). Wilson describes the eyes of Cocklebur as the eyes of God, seeing through the deception his wife had played on him for so long. The Cocklebur eyes are a billboard in the Valley of Ashes, they have been there for a long time and oversee everything, much like a man on a pedestal or God would be able to do. Cocklebur is viewed as God with his blue eyes seeing everything. Nick notices the eyes â€Å"brood over the solemn dumping ground†(15). People often blame events on God or claim his nonexistence because they do not erectly see an outside help when they have problems. People claim that God only sees what happens on Earth and does not actually help his creations, leaving them to fend for themselves and having them make their own decisions. No one directly helps In the situations that are within the book; no outside hand helps with the problems nor guides any character to righteousness. Cocklebur sees but does not do. He Is a God. Gatsby Is much Like Cocklebur In the fact that he watches without action. Gatsby went to war and left behind Daisy, his love, only to find her married when he got home. Gatsby then saved up and bought a home across the bay from Daisy and watched from afar, watching over her but never contacting her. Nick goes out to his lawn the in the night after having reconnected with his cousin Daisy and, Nicks old heavens†(14). He notices Gatsby on and that â€Å"he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way'(1 5). Gatsby is reaching for, what we later learn, is the light at the end of Daisy’s dock. While he wants to partake in Daisy’s life, like many believe God wishes to do in our lives, he restrains himself. He instead watches for Daisy and takes clippings about her life from the newspaper. Nick says that they are choosing their part of the local heaven, and God presides and watches from heaven. Gatsby watches and overlooks Daisy’s life like God would humanity. Gatsby is characterized as a God character because of his inaction; this puts him on a pedestal, elevating the view of him. God is not hated, he is loved, and Gatsby is well loved by Nick. Gatsby would be free from Nicks criticism due to his love for him. Gatsby has parties in his â€Å"blue gardens†(25† that chauffeurs dressed in â€Å"robin’s-egg blue†(27) invite people to. Parties are where Gatsby looks to find Daisy, hoping that she will one ay stumble into one and he will be reunited with her. Gatsby is always present at these parties but no one can ever remember seeing him or talking to him when asked. Furthering the idea of omnipresent, Gatsby has control over the chauffeurs and they follow as he says. He is watchful through them but doesn’t need to be seen. WHITE Gatsby is often associated with blue, but he is also connected to white. Many characters are seen in white at some point in the novel and it is used to describe the appearance of innocence or false purity. Daisy and Jordan are both introduced in a Larry of white: â€Å"The windows were ajar and gleaming white against the fresh grass outside that seemed to grow a little way into the house. A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags twisting them up toward the frosted wedding-cake of the ceiling†¦ Woo young women were buoyed up as though up upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white, and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had Just been blown in after a short flight around the house† Jordan and Daisy are given almost and ethereal appearance in the scene, like little angels or cherubs. They wear white like young innocent brides at a wedding, innocent and pure. Their appearance of innocence is dusted in white, from the curtains, to the ceiling, to the dresses on their bodies. They are almost described as birds, flying around the house in the wind and finding themselves tied to the ground again. Not only birds, but birds captured in a room or cage, making you feel sorry for them and wanting to set them free into the wind. They seem dainty and young, the innocence of babes surrounding them and protecting their view of the world. You read "Color symbolism in the great gatsby" in category "Papers" In reality though, Jordan and Daisy are both corrupt. Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby means innocence, probably because (1) that’s easy to say and (2) everyone else is saying it. Buddhist is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, she’s described as selfish, careless, and destructive. Jordan cheats on her golf matches, moving the ball closer to the hole, and Daisy has affairs and is unfaithful in mind and body. Neither is as innocent as they would like you to believe. Their innocence is false and used to protect the image of femininity the characterized Jordan, and especially Daisy. Gatsby is also described in white, showing his desire to be liked and seem innocent and pure. Gatsby is gone from Daisy for 5 long years, in which she had related to Daisy, there became opportunity for Gatsby to reconnect with his old love. Nick invites both Gatsby and Daisy over for tea one afternoon and Gatsby wears â€Å"a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and a gold-colored tie†(55). Gatsby has not seen Daisy in over 5 years and wants to make a good impression on her, to make her see him as good and honest, better than the man she was currently married to. He may have known her when they were young but the time had past and he wanted to remind her of the times before all that had happened and when they were innocent and ere, before they were tainted by the lives they currently lead. He wanted to remind Daisy of the time they spent together in Louisville in her â€Å"white roadster†(49). Gatsby uses white to seem innocent in the moment and to show his pure intentions towards Daisy. While the use of white by characters in their dressing might be unintentional, they subconsciously want to send a message to another party within the novel. There is an underlying nervousness with Gatsby involving his meeting of new people or the reconnection of him and Daisy. The focus on color and the appearance of purity indicates the desire to have a specific image about them. Nick also dresses up in white flannels to make a good first impression. Upon being invited to on of Gatsby great, grand, glorious parties Nick â€Å"dress[sees] up in white flannels† and crosses the short distance between his house and Gatsby (27). Nick had never met Gatsby before and even told Jordan at dinner, the same one where he reconnected with Daisy and Tom, that he had never met his neighbor but knew that he was Gatsby. Nick is nervous, to the point of becoming drunk one of two times in his life, and wants to make sure that Gatsby likes him. Nick searches out his host, trying to be a good guest and thank him for the invitation, further indication that Nick wants to be seen in a favorable light. Nick is searching out, not only Gatsby, but Gatsby approval of who he is. He is like a small school boy trying to please the teacher by bringing them a glistening apple on the first day of school. Nick is brining himself, dressed up in his nice, white duds, to please the metaphorical teacher of Gatsby. While Nick seems least corrupt and has the fewest flaws of all of the characters within the novel, he wants the others to know Just how good of a character he has. While Nick is not flawed like the others within the novel, he is still human, and there is a falsity of the persona he puts on to show people. Nick does not want to be seen as the rest of the crowd. He does not share their flaws but he is not above them all. The distinction of the way he acts is accentuated by the color white, furthering his appearance of innocence in the events of the summer. GOLD White is pure like the shell and outside of an egg. The problem is that the white part never indicates if the inside will be rotten or not. While â€Å"white is unblemished morality’ and false purity, gold is corruption, greed, and money (Huber 2011). Nick and the others in the novel live on either East or West Egg. The eggs are similar in shape but different in personality and culture. On the outside though, everyone on either egg tries to hide who they are and their corruption with their white clothing, homes, and decorations. Many of the characters have corruption associated with them, even if the measure of how bad it is differs. Gatsby and his golden feasts with â€Å"pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold†, show his money and corruption (26). While Gatsby is characterized with beautiful language and pleasant interaction with and that is where his money came from. All of his purchases were paid for with money gained through illegal means. While the nature of Gatsby and his intentions are pure, like his white flannel suit, his money is not. Gatsby also wears a â€Å"gold tie† upon meeting Daisy again at the tea that Nick planned(55). Gatsby wants to prove that he is good by wearing his white flannel suit but he unconsciously also announces his wealth to Daisy. Daisy has always been attracted to wealth and opulence, and Gatsby achieved his status in an effort to win Daisy over again with the money she always desired him to have. The gold tie represents Gatsby money, but not only that. It is also the corruption required to gain the money so quickly and continuously throughout the years. His corruption goes beyond Just the fact that he gained money through ways that were immoral and against the law. He also pursued a married woman, having an affair with her. Gatsby, had he been able to let go of the past, would have been able to accept that Daisy was married and that he could no longer pursue her or have her in any way, even physically. Before they commit any sins of adultery, Nick and Daisy go to Gatsby house after tea. In Gatsby garden there is the â€Å"pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate†(60). No regrettable actions have occurred yet but the sentiments that will soon occur are alluded to by the flowers color-scent and its presence in Gatsby yard. Gatsby will eventually send his servants away to protect his secret affair with Daisy, but the affair never is open to the public like that of Myrtle and Tom’s. Gatsby and Daisy have to â€Å"kiss at the gate† before they rush home. The scent of the flowers and its association of gold coincide with the nature of the relationship that Daisy and Gatsby carry out. An affair is never indicating positively of ones character. Gatsby and Daisy both have flaws that lead hem to the affair. Daisy did not marry out of love, but out of greed and desire to be wealthy. It is that same sort of desire that led her back to Gatsby. While she was now a married woman, she continued to fulfill her fantasy and pursue the love she had with Gatsby. Gatsby is corrupt because he knowingly took a married woman, pursued her, and then proceeded to have an intimate relationship with her. He did it because he thought it would benefit both him and Daisy later, that they would be happy. Gatsby corruption is a unique kind, not directly for his own benefit but for someone he thinks will benefit his life in the end. Gatsby has Daisy and Nick has Jordan. From the beginning of when they met, Daisy desired to match Nick and Jordan up together â€Å"Ill sort of- oh- fling you together†(13). Nick never stated that he wanted Jordan, one of Daisy’s flaws is assuming she knows what others want, and they usually will consent because she has a way about her that is hard to ignore, but they never usually tell her that they want it in the first place. Nick never stated that he desired Jordan; he was interested and confused by her aloof nature but never stated a desire for her. Nick is an upstanding individual with no real flaws of nature or morality. Jordan, despite Nick’s initial knowledge, is actually a liar and corrupt in her own nature. At one of Gatsby parties earlier in the summer, Nick found Jordan and went around with her â€Å"slender golden arm resting in† his (28). Jordan plays golf, a rich mans sport, and was accused of cheating by moving her ball closer to the hole than it actually fell. Jordan denied the accusations, claiming that she played a fair game and was not a liar. Later the retracted their statements, presumably under the influence of a large stack of bills pushed their way. Jordan buys her innocence with money and corrupt action to cover ere other corrupt actions. While the white of an egg seems pure and delicious, the rotten inside will eventually be seen. Jordan can cover herself with white dresses in a white ceiling room with white curtains around, but she cannot alter her true and corrupt nature. GREEN A major idea of the novel is corruption of society, additionally the American dream is expressed as a want from all of the characters. They all want to live they perfect life, have families, and to be able to have no worries of money. The desire and hope is seen through the emotions and sentiment connected to the color green. Daisy has green light at the end of her dock and Gatsby reached for it â€Å"trembling†(1 5). Daisy is Gatsby everything, his dream, his hope, his future. Gatsby went off to war believing that he would come home to find Daisy waiting for him, that they would have a happy future. He had the hope to believe that he would be able to leave for war and come back to everything being as it was, as if stopped in time. Gatsby is described by Nick in the beginning of the novel â€Å"it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again†(2). Gatsby was a romantic person with the ability to wait for long periods of time purely on the hope that the future would come and be what he wished. Gatsby realizes Just what the green light means to him when he is reunited with Daisy and she is on his lap: â€Å"If it wasn’t for the mist we could see your home across the bay said Gatsby You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. ‘ Daisy put her harm through his abruptly but he seemed absorbed in what he had Just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very hear to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one†(61-62). Gatsby had desired Daisy for so long that he had not realized that he substituted the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock for the real and actual Daisy. Gatsby had had that light as a hope and beacon for all that he did. It was a hope for the future, for the coming day, for what he would do next. The green light directed and guided him in the night and day, eloping him chose in difficult situations and lending him guidance on his life choices. Gatsby life goes downhill from the moment he reconnects with Daisy and loses hope and his sense of direction for the future. He knows he wants to be with Daisy but he has already done everything he had planned for the past 5 years. He is at a loss and doesn’t know what to do next. He loses hope and starts destroying the life he built. He fires servants, stops the parties, and loses the spark that made him so likable in the beginning of the novel. It [green] represented the hope of a better life ND the birth of the American Dream because in this new found land you could have anything you wanted if you worked hard enough†¦ Green also represents corruption and the failing or death of the American Dream† (â€Å"Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby’). The green light is not the only green associated with Gatsby, of t he few instances the color is mentioned, Gatsby or something Gatsby owns is usually hope and loss of hope he has when he is younger, Just before becoming Jay Gatsby. When Dan Cody meets him, â€Å"It was James Gate who had been loafing along the beach in a torn green Jersey’ (98). Gatsby came from a penniless family and did not have very much to have hope in, given his circumstances. He was without means to make anything of himself and there was not much hope in the lower income classes of the time for gaining anything higher than their current position. The â€Å"torn green Jersey’ represents the hopelessness of Gatsby prior to his meeting of Dan Cody. Once he had met him, Gatsby had a goal, he Joined the army, met Daisy, and became very wealthy. After he had met Cody he no longer wore the green Jersey, he had other, nicer clothes and he no longer felt the hopelessness associated with the lower income groups of society. His transition away from this hopelessness shows character growth and gives background to Gatsby story. CONCLUSION The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, highlights characteristics in characters using the colors blue, yellow, white and green. Blue is the omnipresence of both Gatsby and T. J. Cocklebur, the characters that keep vigil over the long island sound and the people in it. They are those who represent God’s presences and judgment of the actions of those throughout the novel. Yellow is corruption and money. Gatsby wears gold and has golden items, thing he bought with dirty money room a false business. Cordon’s golden arm helps her cheat in golf, and Daisy is obsessed with Gatsby money and has no negative thoughts of the affair she carries on with Gatsby. White is the false innocence of the characters and the protecting of femininity for Jordan and Daisy. They are characterized with white but are not as pure as they seem and the association is always in accordance with their femininity: their dresses or physical appearance. Green is the ever present hope and desire for Daisy and the past she and Gatsby shared. How to cite Color symbolism in the great gatsby, Papers

Advantages and Disadvantages of Boot †Free Samples for Students

Question: What is a BOOT test? Why was it introduced? How was it applied in the MH and Coles case? How do you think the BOOT test could be improved? Answer: Introducation 1.In order to accept or reject an enterprise bargaining settlements, a BOOT test is very essential and as such it needs to be improved so as to take into consideration current and emerging issues in the market today (Stewart et al., 2014). Fair Work Commission employs the use of BOOT test for purposes of making such significant decisions as whether to approve or reject enterprise settlements. BOOT has been the key determinant used over the years since its inception given its near perfect status. The BOOT test is one of the best tests that is still used around. The improvement of this test should be based upon incorporating essential changes in the test. According to Lee, Brown, Wen, (2016) Better off overall test (BOOT) has its foundation strongly laid upon the present applicable award which brings together all employees who are part and parcel of the proposed settlements (p. 232). The main idea behind this BOOT test is that all award covered employees have to be at an advantaged position. They have to be in a better position than they would be in if they were to be subjected to the present modern award. The most outstanding feature of BOOT is that it permits award settings instead of aligning with the National Employ ment standards for restraining from commercializing the business trades and transactions. No matter how much better position an employee may be, the specific applications of the modern award prove true in all circumstances. Within this, one of the major considerations is the provision of safe and comfortable workplace conditions, which is subject to the minimum wage that they are liable to get (Gospel, Pendleton Vitols, 2014). Equal treatment holds prime importance in this context. The current environmental scenario necessitates the Better Off Overall Test (BOOT). This test proves beneficial for altering the business scenarios in the competitive ambience of the market. The Introduction Of Better Off Overall Test 2.The introduction of BOOT resulted from the fact that this particular test would ensure that all employees covered by the proposed settlements are all catered for under the better off overall test. This would then be verified by the Commission. The major focus of having this BOOT test is to protect all workers (Capuano, 2016). All workers must be protected from being exposed to unwarranted situations. The need to protect all workers aligns with the prevailing suppositions in terms of the employees guaranteed success in the test. Approval by the commission escalates the hope of achieving success. BOOT test was introduced specifically for purposes of bringing harmony to the process of signing settlements. There is need to ensure that there exist a balance in the process of signing settlements. This balance brought efficacy in the enterprise settlements. Within this, one of the specifications was to pass the BOOT test. As a result of this, the business activities were subjected to the test (Wilson, 2016). In order to add fairness in this, the personnel of Fair Work Commission was entrusted with the responsibility to verify, approve or reject BOOT results and settlements according to the approaches of the management and the employees. Apart from this, the BOOT results were used as guidelines for tracking the performance of the managers and workers. This tracking helped in assessing the capability of the managers and workers in terms of abiding by the proposed bargaining settlements for the business deals, trades and transactions (Creighton, 2016). Obligations reporting statutory requirements also brought about the implementation of BOOT. Since acting in accordance with statutory requirements was something thing that become difficult to achieve, the need to seek for legal direction become more rampant and costly as well. And since this had to be done before any particular settlements was reached. It was even more difficult. In order to ease out this difficulty, BOO T test seemed a beneficial method. This statement takes the test to the stage of approval. BOOT requires a clear and objective deliberation. These concerns look deeply into award covered workers in the equal measure as it does to prospective award covered workers too (Lee, Brown Wen, 2016). Cole And HM Case 3.In MH case it was witnessed that after what appeared as a lengthy application process, HM a leading Swedish fashion retailers proposals were rejected by the Commission. HM failed to pass the BOOT test based on the existing qualification conditions. On the other hand, in Coles case, replacement regarding the approval application along with the contractual agreements was the main result in the middle of 2015. In these two cases, the BOOT requirements were not met. According to Todd et al (2017), in order to pass a BOOT test, the upcoming requirements have to be met. The enterprise bargaining settlements must cover all workers and not only the majority. This is because the main aim of a BOOT test is to ensure that all workers are better off than they would be under the modern award. Townsend Loudoun, (2016) supports this line of thought by explaining that An settlements instituted between the manager and the employee would be better off if the proposed arrangement as document in a co ntract covers all the workers and leave the workers better off as compared to when the relevant modern award would have covered them (p. 271). In Coles case, the jury pegged its focus purely on the process of identifying the terms of the settlements as proposed. The jury would search for proof that this particular arrangement as stipulated in Coles case was able to leave the employee better off than the modern award would. In doing this, the jury also focused on looking at the overall benefit that the employee may get in the long run. Critical reflection of the contractual perspective in this case, the jury portrays the case in terms of determining the fate of the workers regarding the particularities of the settlements. After a watchful inspection of these terms the jury would evaluate the entire case to determine if workers would be better off under such particular settlements. A closer look at Coles case revealed that, a case involving approximately 77000 workers would be repeale d and effectively replaced given that it did not leave all the workers better off. Even though this settlement had been subjected to a vote, it was evident that it did not meet the requirements of the BOOT (Stewart, 2016). This is because in process of subjecting the draft settlements to a vote, the majority won and the voice of the minority was not heard. An overall assessment revealed that not all workers would benefit from this particular settlement even though it received an overwhelming vote of 33000 out of the present 36000 participants, who did participate in the vote. By and large, this particular proposal or settlements was to be approved as a result of the provisions made by Cole in terms of the potential threats highlighted by the Commission. These have to be in line with the better off overall test. The final verdict indicated the failures of the Cole Case to pass the BOOT test (Kersley et al., 2013). The Application of Boot Verdict of Coles case The proposed contract of Cole highlighted higher rates as compared to the applicable aware rates. Along with this, there were discrepancies in the compensations paid on evenings, holidays and weekends. In view of these documental projections, the judge declared that performance of the employees in the peak seasons attains prime consideration for determination of better condition (Wanrooy et al., 2013). As per the other revelations of the judge, if an employee works for more hours in a high hourly rate, then he is in a worse condition of employment. Overall, the judge, in Cole case also gave the verdict in favor of the employees. As a matter of specification, if an employee works for extra hours, late night or in the weekends, the contract would be considered illegal. Along with this, the employer would be punished. Utilizing the BOOT test, it was revealed under the supervision of the jury that some of the workers were at a dangerous condition of employment. Overall, the Commission, through the assessment, highlighted the issue of substantial monetary loss. Delving deep into the issue, the casual employees were a victim of these losses (Godard, 2014). On the other hand, part time employees, who workers for extra hours, were compelled to pay penalties, for emerging failures in making up the loss. Mismatch between the resulted rates and the award rates aggravated the intensity of the loss. The following factors helped the jury to pronounce the verdict: Comparative study of the contracts compelled majority of the employees to encounter losses in terms of the proposed terms and conditions of the contract All of the employees are exempted from encountering the situation of unemployment during the tenure of the contract as a whole (Howell, 2016) The final verdict highlighted the fact that emergency leaves lacked uniformity among the employees. For giving the final verdict, the Jury attached prime value to the viewpoints of the victims. Application of the BOOT test restores the unity and equality among all the employees. Lessons learned from this particular case The verdict of the case enlightens the business personnel with some moral values, most importance of which is the rational and conscious approach towards the actions undertaken. Speculation of the terms and conditions of the contract is the main issue in the Coles Case, which was absent. Moreover, lack of conscious attitude towards validity and authenticity contradicts the morality. Envisioning long term success for the employees as a whole aligns with the overall growth of the businesses and nullifies the feeling of biasness (Williams, Scott Welch, 2016). This motive bears correlation with the word better in the conditions applicable in the awards. The prevailing biasness in terms of the betterment of the employees necessitates the need for inculcating good moral values within the personnel. Consideration of the minority section is crucial in this perspective, as they have higher chances of being failures in the BOOT test (Creighton et al, 2016) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BOOT Advantages Boot is one of an efficient method for compensating the inexperienced employees about the dynamics of the modern award rates. There are variations in the workplace applications of the awards. Owing to the drab, monotony of the work pressure, the employer, sometimes encounter difficulties for applying the anticipated findings of the tests and interpreting certain new facts about the betterment of the employees. In the Coles case, BOOT tests possess flexibility to mitigate the instances of illegal allowances regarding working extra hours and compensations from the minority (Tricker Tricker, 2015). Supply of Individual Enterprise Bargaining copy nullifies the need of separate agreements from the employees regarding their employment (Lee, Brown and Wen, 2016). According to the arguments of Todd et al. (2017), another benefit of the BOOT test is that is assists the business organizations to prepare the employees for exposure of quality output. This results in fulfilling the identified and the specified requirements. Teaching the employees to be self-dependent enhances their skills, expertise and knowledge, which restricts them from indulging in illegal means. Exposure of conscious attitude in this context preserves the transparency in business activities, which generates trust, dependence and reliance among the customers for the organization. Adherence and compliance to the regulatory framework helps the organizational personnel to preserve the safety and security of the employees (Smith, 2017). In view of this, it can be concluded that BOOT test proves helpful in ensuring the betterment of the employees in terms of providing them their dues, which aligns with the modern award rates. Disadvantages BOOT also has certain disadvantages, which springs up from the drawbacks of shortage in the time as well as financial flexibility. These constraints act as an obstacle in the achievement of agreement in the bargaining for Enterprise efficiency. Fixed time periods and harsh policies compel the organizational personnel to reject the bargain offer on behalf of the employers. According to the opinions of (Roberts, 2017), approvals for agreements comprises an escalation in demand through votes. Absence of majority voting aggravates the time and financial constraints in spite of emerging successful in claiming an appeal. Improving The Boot Test 4.Improving the better off overall test begins by looking at the practical issues surrounding the BOOT. Practical issues Some of the emerging issues as noticed in the process of the implementation of the BOOT are that most often issues arise most often during or after the entire process have begun. Amending the contracts terms and conditions becoming nearly impossible once the process has kicked off. However, if the contracts terms and conditions are amended then what follows is that the entire process automatically begins a fresh. This is because the other provisions are nullified since the precious contract is no longer binding (Shields et al., 2015). Recognition of typographical errors by the manager can be considered as one of the best methods for restoring coordination and unity between the employees. This coordination proves beneficial in terms of achieving effective means of negotiation in terms of adopting the proposed changes. Errors within the business procedures are a drawback for the organization, which needs immediate actions for betterment. Herein, lays the appropriateness of changes. Boo t test seems to be appropriate for achieving the proposed changes in an efficient and effective manner (Crane Matten, 2016). Involvement of the management and the employees in the decision-making process for change brings unity within the workplace. This coordination eases out the process of receiving agreements for enterprise bargaining and adds efficiency within the business procedures. Conducting Comparison test The manager ought to conduct comparison test. This is one sure way of improving the BOOT. The employer is entrusted with the responsibility to carry out a comparison test in order to keep a check on the compensations to be paid by the employees. This monitoring aligns with the proposed agreements and the rates of the modern awards (Cheney et al., 2014). Whereas this may be time consuming, it is necessary as it will help in making corrections where necessary. Immediate implementation of the identified changes helps the personnel to avert emergency situations as in the Cole and MH case. Plans need to be made in order to transform the predicament of the vulnerable workers in the business organizations. Political Aspect Of Boot Policies can be an effective means to ensure that the employees and employers are striving to maintain the given rates of the modern awards. Exposure of considerate attitude in this context helps the management to place focus on the individual performance of the employers and the employees. Adoption of modern and technologically advanced machines assists the management in keeping a track over the workplace operations (Townsend, and Loudoun 2016). Assessment of the results, prior to the development of agreement to vote, adds firmness to BOOT test. This assessment proves beneficial for the employer in terms of averting the emergence of emergencies. Although emergence of emergencies are inevitable, conducting assessments prior to BOOT tests helps in undertaking actions, which ensures the betterment of the employees as a whole. Moreover, this assessment needs to be carried out by the employer well in advance before agreeing to the approval of the Commission (Crane Matten, 2016). An Insight into the basic concepts related to BOOT Clarification of the basic concepts at the first instance enhances the preconceived knowledge of the business personnel regarding BOOT test. This enhancement helps in the settlement of the enterprise related bargains. Hiring a legal practitioner in this context highlights the authenticity and validity of the terms. This step seems justified in terms of reducing the misinterpretations and inadequate knowledge of the employees. Achieving an understanding of the terms is the sole responsibility of the employees (Shields et al., 2015). Once understood, the employees can train the new joinees about the basic concepts, which would result in the exposure of quality output. Consideration of the cultural diversity mitigates the instances of conflicts, discriminations and harassments among others. Endorsement related votes There is an increased dependency for votes related to endorsement of the agreements. Adherence to an integrated framework enhances the aspect of partnership working for the enterprise related bargains. Not only the majority. This can work appropriately in the event that the application of the BOOT test during the process of proposal development is not inferred for the majority but rather for every single individual worker. It is essential that this test concocts a framework that takes a key interest on the plight of individual representatives or workers. As indicated by Capuano, (2016), irrespective of the test stages of BOOT, "it is fundamental for those worried to find out the modern grant that directly covers the representatives or workers being referred to and to whom the particular undertaking assertion is proposed to apply (Capuano, 2016). In order to determine the appropriate award for the employees within the workplace, the presentation, reasonability in the arrangements and the locale is crucial for altering the scenario of the organization (Townsend Loudoun, 2016) Conclusion In conclusion it is significant that if bosses find themselves under circumstances, where achievement of means of negotiations is necessary for agreeing with the employees, then it is mandatory to consider all the relevant issues, points of interest and additionally the conceivable drawbacks and have the capacity to successfully adjust every one of these components against the modern award (Wilson, 2016). During the time spent drafting undertaking contracts, it is fundamental for managers to be exceptionally worried with guaranteeing every last condition in the Enterprise Bargaining Settlements. This is on account that if such component don't leave the representatives or workers preferable off over on the off chance regarding their protection, by the propositions and rates of the award, then, there is no hope regarding the employees passing the BOOT test. This seems true even for the conditions where few advantages can be thought to fundamentally reduce the results to an avoidable ex tent. As per the of Buchanan and Oliver (2016), "The significant test is whether the representatives or workers will be in an ideal situation in general under the endeavor settlements than under the pertinent honor". For the most part it requires a sensible measure of investment to set up an Enterprise Bargaining Settlements. In any case it is justified regardless of the time and asset given that they are significant to both the business and the representatives or workers. It achieves proficiency and a streamlined method for operations in the administration of exercises. References Buchanan, J., Oliver, D. (2016). Fair Work and the Modernization of Australian Labor Standards: A Case of Institutional Plasticity Entrenching Deepening Wage Inequality. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 54(4), 790-814. Capuano, A. (2016). Giving Meaning to 'Social Origin' in International Labor Organization ('ILO') Conventions, the Fair Work Act 2009 and the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986:'Class' Discrimination and its Relevance to the Australian Context. Cheney, G., Santa Cruz, I., Peredo, A. M., Nazareno, E. (2014). Worker cooperatives as an organizational alternative: Challenges, achievements and promise in business governance and ownership.Organization,21(5), 591-603. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Creighton, B. (2016). Understanding the Fair Work Act: Advantages and disadvantagesMethodological Approach. Godard, J. (2014). The psychologisation of employment relations?.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), 1-18. Gospel, H., Pendleton, A., Vitols, S. (Eds.). (2014). Financialization, new investment funds, and labour: an international comparison. Oxford University Press. Howell, C. (2016). Regulating class in the neoliberal era: the role of the state in the restructuring of work and employment relations.Work, employment and society,30(4), 573-589. Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix, G., Oxenbridge, S. (2013).Inside the workplace: findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Routledge. Lee, C. H., Brown, W., Wen, X. (2016). What sort of collective bargaining is emerging in China?.British Journal of Industrial Relations, 54(1), 214-236. Roberts, S. (2017). Round 7 enterprise bargaining. Advocate: Newsletter of the National Tertiary Education Union, 24(1), 5. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Stewart, A. (2016). Continuity and Change in Australian Labour Regulation: Work Choices, Fair Work and the Role of the Independent Umpire. Stewart, A. J., Bray, M., Macneil, J., Oxenbridge, S. (2014). 'Promoting cooperative and productive workplace relations': exploring the Fair Work Commission's new role. Todd, P., Ellem, B., Goods, C., Rainnie, A., Smith, L. (2017). Labour in global production networks: Workers and unions in mining engineering work. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 0143831X16684964. Townsend, K., Loudoun, R. (2016). Employee voice in enterprise bargaining: what managers miss when they fail to listen. Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 26(4), 266-280. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Van Wanrooy, B., Bewley, H., Bryson, A., Forth, J., Freeth, S., Stokes, L., Wood, S. (2013). The 2011 workplace employment relations study: first findings. Williams, S. J., Scott, P. J., Welch, R. (2016). Employment relations under coalition government: reflections, legacy and prospects. InEmployment relations under coalition government: The UK experience, 2010-2015. Routledge. Wilson, J. (2016). Employment law: A balancing act: Effective management of workplace disrepute by employees. Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (239), 38.

Methods of Observational Research

Free Essays on Water

Water that we drink doesn’t enter directly from the water source to our faucet. Many steps are taken to ensure that the water we drink and use is safe. The EPA has set up a standard by which the water must meet before entering the households throughout the country. Water quality can vary throughout the United States depending on the sources, available technology, and economic resources. In order to ensure that the water quality stays safe the EPA requires standard samples to be checked to ensure that the water is drinkable and safe. Coliform an indicator bacteria is just one of numerous amounts of bacteria that are checked in a standard check of water taken from water sources. One of the many standards that the EPA tries to maintain is less than one coliform per 100 ml of water. In order to obtain this goal the element of chlorine is added in order to kill off many of the harmful bacteria. Other tests are done in order to insure the high quality of our drinking water. Physical contaminants can be tested for by looking at odor, taste, color, turbidity, and total dissolved solids, referring to bicarbonates, sulfates, calcium, and other minerals and matter. The EPA’s standards allow us to determine the difference between healthy water and water that can be harmful towards humans, animals and the environment. Drinking standards that have been issued by the EPA give the â€Å"Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for more than 80 contaminants.† (Online) Available: epa.gov/safewater/wot/howsafe.html. These MCLs help ensure that our water quality is set to a level that allows us to protect public health. Most all of the 80 contaminants that are checked and managed are looked at in lifetime exposure in order to secure the future of American water safety. Currently, â€Å"the nations approximately 55,000 Community Water Systems (CWSs) must test for more than 80 contaminants. In 1996, 4,151 systems, or 7 percent, report... Free Essays on Water Free Essays on Water Water that we drink doesn’t enter directly from the water source to our faucet. Many steps are taken to ensure that the water we drink and use is safe. The EPA has set up a standard by which the water must meet before entering the households throughout the country. Water quality can vary throughout the United States depending on the sources, available technology, and economic resources. In order to ensure that the water quality stays safe the EPA requires standard samples to be checked to ensure that the water is drinkable and safe. Coliform an indicator bacteria is just one of numerous amounts of bacteria that are checked in a standard check of water taken from water sources. One of the many standards that the EPA tries to maintain is less than one coliform per 100 ml of water. In order to obtain this goal the element of chlorine is added in order to kill off many of the harmful bacteria. Other tests are done in order to insure the high quality of our drinking water. Physical contaminants can be tested for by looking at odor, taste, color, turbidity, and total dissolved solids, referring to bicarbonates, sulfates, calcium, and other minerals and matter. The EPA’s standards allow us to determine the difference between healthy water and water that can be harmful towards humans, animals and the environment. Drinking standards that have been issued by the EPA give the â€Å"Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for more than 80 contaminants.† (Online) Available: epa.gov/safewater/wot/howsafe.html. These MCLs help ensure that our water quality is set to a level that allows us to protect public health. Most all of the 80 contaminants that are checked and managed are looked at in lifetime exposure in order to secure the future of American water safety. Currently, â€Å"the nations approximately 55,000 Community Water Systems (CWSs) must test for more than 80 contaminants. In 1996, 4,151 systems, or 7 percent, report... Free Essays on Water Acid rain has become an environmental concern of global importance within the last decade. With the increasing environmental awareness of the "unhealthy" condition of our planet earth the concern about acid rain has not lessened. In brief, acid rain is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. When dealing with acid rain one must study and understand the process of making Sulfuric acid. In this project we will take an in depth look into the production of sulfuric acid, some of its uses and the effects of it as a pollutant in our environment. Sulfuric Acid Industry in Ontario Among the many plants in Ontario where sulfuric acid is produced, there are three major plant locations that should be noted on account of their greater size. These are: Inco. - Sudbury Noranda Mines Ltd. - Welland Sulfide - Ontario There are a number of factors which govern the location of each manufacturing plant. Some of these factors that have to be considered when deciding the location of a Sulfuric Acid plant a re: a. Whether there is ready access to raw materials; b. Whether the location is close to major transportation routes; c. Whether there is a suitable work force in the area for plant construction and operation; d. Whether there is sufficient energy resources readily available; e. Whether or not the chemical plant can carry out its operation without any unacceptable damage to the environment. Listed above are the basic deciding factors that govern the location of a plant. The following will explain in greater detail why these factors should be considered. 1) Raw Materials The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are involved in the production of sulfuric acid such as sulfur, lead, copper, zinc sulfides, etc.. 2) Transportation A manufacturer must consider proximity to transpor-tation routes and the location of both the source of raw materials and the market for the product. The raw materials have to be transported to the plant, and the final pro... Free Essays on Water My presentation is about a substance vital to everyone and almost everything. If you haven’t guessed by now, yes it is about water. It covers why water is needed for the human body to work, what happens without enough water, and how much water is used and wasted in the U.S. The first topic to be covered will be how your body uses water. Water is used in all of the major systems for a variety of uses. It used for digestion, controlling the temperature of the body, getting rid of the body’s waste, and transporting nutrients. Water makes up most of the body with studies showing the amount ranging form 72% up to as high as 83%. Most major organs are at least three-quarters to four-fifths water as well. It’s no wonder that water is often called the body’s most important nutrient. The body can survive up to a month without food but without water a person would die in a few days. Without water many things begin to happen. If body fluids drop 5% people suffer a 25-30% drop in energy while a 15% drop can result in death. Estimates to how many people suffer dehydration to some degree range at one-half to two-thirds. Most of these people then drink coffee or soda to boost their energy levels but these actually lower the body’s water content and reduce the body’s ability to produce energy. Also water cleans the digestive system and this makes it work better, this results in the body being able to work better as a whole. So drinking water is a good thing to do. Also if you drink beverages that have caffeine in them, drink them in moderation and remember to drink more water to compensate. Some sources recommend a minimum of 10-12 glasses of water a day, 14-16 is recommended for maximum benefits. Most studies don’t recommend this high of an amount though because it is possible to get water poisoning. About 85% of all Americans use roughly 34 billion gallons of water supplied by public water systems. The rem...

Franchises and The Laws that Govern Them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Franchises and The Laws that Govern Them - Essay Example Stuller alleges Defendants breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing by attempting to force Stuller to adopt the policy. Both Defendants filed motions to dismiss, denying SNS Operations’ motion to dismiss on the ground that SNS Operations had assigned the Agreements to SNS Enterprises. Stuller did not object to the Report and Recommendation’s characterization of Count II as a breach of contract claim. To state a breach of contract claim under Illinois law, a plaintiff must allege the existence of a contract, substantial performance by the plaintiff, a breach by the defendant, and damages resulting there from. The court found the defendants’ evidence only showed future damages that might be incurred, and, therefore, found the defendants failed to meet their burden of showing actual damages. The court concluded the counterclaim was premature and dismissed it without prejudice. (2) â€Å"Protect each prospective franchisee and the franchisor by providing a better understanding of the business and the legal relationship† between them. 815 ILCS 705/2(2). A private right of action is by section 26 of the IFDA: â€Å"Any person who offers, sells, terminates, or fails to renew a franchise in violation of this Act shall be liable to the franchisee who may sue for damages caused thereby.† 815 ILCS 705/26. Moreover, a franchisee may sue for rescission for a violation of sections 5, 6, 10, 11, or 15 of the IFDA. 815 ILCS 705/26. Not only Stuller alleged untrue statement material was made Stuller also alleged was violated material omission absence language Defendants set prices employment device scheme artifice defraud engagement act practice course business operate fraud deceit Stuller Therefore, Count III states a claim for relief under the IFDA. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Report, and Recommendation (d/e 33)

Employee Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Rights - Research Paper Example Failure to adhere to these rights makes it difficult for businesses to accomplish organizational goals. The privacy of employees, Fundamental employee rights are thus a significant factor in a wide range of human resource management issues that small business owners and supervisors face today, including questions concerning employee privacy, policies regarding promotion, inquiries in to the use of drugs by employees, management of employee information, performance appraisals and monitoring as well as freedom of contact with labor unions are some of the issues that human resource managers have to deal with in the contemporary business environment (Joseph 1992). Discrimination in the place of work is one of the issues that are emphasized to a great extent by the federal laws. Employers are supposed to provide equal employment regardless of race, religious affiliation, nationality and sex. Every employee has a right to be treated fairly under these laws. The growing concerns in the manner through which men and women are treated in the work place has made much emphasis to be focused on equal employment opportunities for both sexes, and also equal treatment in terms of remuneration and allocation of tasks. Other recent developments in employee rights are the laws providing for equal employment opportunities for the qualified people who are disabled. In case of discrimination, the federal laws provide for pecuniary damages. All these laws are put into effect by the â€Å"United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission† (Barbara 1997). Labor unions are essential for employees especially through their support for collective bargaining. They are usually not meant to mobilize the employees against the employer, but rather to strengthen their relationship through facilitating employee satisfaction. Employees have a right

The senior management of your organization is of the opinion that Essay

The senior management of your organization is of the opinion that there should be social responsibility of managers. What do you understand by this, and how sho - Essay Example These actions threatened the firm, the employees, the community, and global financial concerns. With the proliferation of technology and hypercompetition, the drive to enhance the bottom line has often found firms in legal trouble or in a public relations nightmare. What part does the manager play in social responsibility? It’s managements role to set policies and guidelines for implementing a socially responsible agenda. Directors and managers need to maintain an awareness that the decisions they make affect the community, their health and safety, and the quality of life for people in a wide area. The welfare of the wider community has to be considered in any decision making process. Success is not measured by the immediate profit gained by the shareholders. When we define socially responsible policy, it is a concern for the well being of all the stakeholders and not just the owners. The social responsibilities of the directors and managers are the firms responsibilities towards society as implemented by management. Some of the most direct beneficiaries of a socially responsible policy are the employees of the firm. They are provided with a safe place to work whilst the firms responsible behaviour increases the level of job security. By creating a positive climate to work in, the firm is able to attract better and more dedicated employees. In this scenario, an investment in employee well being is returned through a better workforce. Almost all socially responsible policies and management decisions have a positive return. However, the firm often views these activities as expenses and will not, or can not, calculate their true cost or value. Policies need to be put in place to protect the health and safety of the customers and consumers. Managers that fail to act responsibly must be held accountable for their decisions. According to Davidmann (2002), "Those who wish to maximise profits regardless of

High Fracture Toughness of Al2O3-TiN0.3 Composites

High Fracture Toughness of Al2O3-TiN0.3 Composites High fracture toughness of Al2O3-TiN0.3 composites prepared via spark plasma sintering Lina Qiaoa, b, Yucheng Zhaoa, Mingzhi Wanga, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ , Yana Yea, Junxing Zhanga, Qin Zoua, Qian Yanga, Hua Dengc, Ying Xingc Abstract Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites with different TiN0.3 contents were spark plasma sintered at 1300–1600  °C for 10 min. Phase identification was characterized through X-ray diffraction. Microstructures were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The fracture toughness of the composite with 30 vol% TiN0.3 sintered at 1500  °C reaches to the highest value of 6.91 MPa m1/2. Based on the first-principles density functional theory, the density of states for TiN and TiNx was calculated. The covalent bonding is weakened and the metallic bonding is strengthened as the nitrogen concentration is reduced in nonstoichiometric TiNx. The active slip systems determined by covalent bonding for the nitrides are possibly increased by adding nonstoichiometric TiN0.3, which improves the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites. Keywords: Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites;Fracture toughness; Slip system; Bond calculation 1. Introduction Alumina (Al2O3) ceramics are essential structural materials, but the inherent brittleness has inhibited their applications [1, 2]. The fracture toughness can be improved substantially by adding a secondary reinforcing phase into the matrix. The effects of TiN particles on the mechanical properties of Al2O3-based composites have been widely studied [3–9]. Shen et al. [9] reported that the fracture toughness of Al2O3–TiN composites prepared via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1500  °C reaches to a maximum value of 5.7 MPa m1/2. Li et al. [1] studied the mechanical properties of TiN–Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared by hot pressing at 1550  °C, and pointed out that the highest fracture toughness is 5.27 MPa m1/2. However, there have been few reports about the effects of nonstoichiometric TiN0.3 on the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites. In this study, nonstoichiometricTiN0.3 was added into Al2O3 matrix, and the effects of TiN0.3 on the mechanical properties (especially fracture toughness) of the composites were discussed. Nonstoichiometric TiN0.3 synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA) possesses fine grain size and TiN-type structure with numerous N vacancies [10, 11], which are conducive to improving sinterability [11–14]. Furthermore, weakening covalent bond and strengthening metallic bond in TiN0.3 structure [15, 16] may have an important influence on the fracture toughness. This study aims to verify whether or not adding nonstoichiometric materials can increase the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites. 2. Experimental Raw materials used include TiN0.3 synthesized through MA [10, 11] and commercial powders Al2O3 (analytically pure, an average particle size of 1 ÃŽ ¼m). Powder mixtures were milled for 2 h in absolute ethanol using WC milling media on a Pulverisette 4 Vario-Planetary Mill (FRTSCH German) at 300 rpm. SPS (3.20 MK-IV, Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.) was performed in vacuum (6Ãâ€"10−3 Pa) at different heat treatment temperatures (1300–1600  °C) for 10min at 30 MPa. The heating rate was 100  °C/min. The temperature was determined using an optical pyrometer focused on the non-through hole located on the surface of the graphite die. Phase identification was performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation by using a D/MAX-2500PC diffractometer (Rigaku). Microstructures of the specimen’s polished surface and fracture cross-sections were observed using an S-3400N (Hitachis) scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron back-scattered diffraction (Edax-Tsl, Ametek). The bending strength was measured with Instron-5848 MicroTester (America) using the three point bending test with a span length of 13 mm and crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture toughness was determined through the Vickers indentation method proposed by Anstis et. al [17]. Measurements of the hardness and fracture toughness were conducted using an FM-700 Vickers hardness tester (Future-Tech, Japan) by indentation using a pyramidal indenter and applying a 10 kg load for 10 s. 3. Results 3.1 XRD identification and morphology observation Fig. 1 shows the XRD patterns of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at different temperatures in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. Only TiN0.3 and ÃŽ ±-Al2O3 phases are detected in the XRD patterns. It suggests that no chemical reaction occurs between the second phase and the matrix. Fig. 2 shows the back-scattered SEM micrograph of the polished surface of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at 1400  °C in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. The gray grains are Al2O3, while the white ones are TiN0.3. TiN0.3 grains are uniformly dispersed in Al2O3 matrix. Fig. 3 shows the microstructure of the fracture cross-sections of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at different temperatures in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. When the sintering temperature is raised to 1400  °C, the grain size of the composite is fine and approximately 2 ÃŽ ¼m for Al2O3; the fracture mode is mainly intergranular (Fig. 3 b). Then the gains grew obviously with further raising the sintering temperature, here ~3-4 ÃŽ ¼m at 1500  °C and ~4-5 ÃŽ ¼m at 1600  °C for Al2O3; the fracture modes are intergranular and transgranular (Fig. 3 c and d). In addition, Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite has not reached full density at 1300  °C, as indicated both by the SEM observations (Fig. 3) and measured hardness values (Fig. 5). Fig. 4 shows the microstructure of the fracture cross-sections of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites with different TiN0.3 contents sintered via SPS at 1400  °C in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. The grain size of Al2O3 existed in all samples does not change significantly. It is not agreement with the previous study that the addition of TiN effectively inhibits the grain growth of Al2O3 [9]. This phenomenon may be attributed to the fact that Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites have good sinterability. In addition, the fracture morphology is influenced by TiN0.3 content in these samples. The fracture mode of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites with TiN0.3 contents from 10 vol% to 30 vol% (Fig. 4 a–c) is mainly intergranular. But, the fracture modes of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composite with 40 vol% TiN0.3 (Fig. 4 d) are intergranular and transgranular. The explanation for the fracture mode change is that the grain boundaries in Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites are strengthened, inhibiting inter granular crack propagation. 3.2 Mechanical properties Fig. 5 a shows the Vickers hardness of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered at different temperatures. The Vickers hardness of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered at 1400  °C reaches to the highest value of 18.75 GPa, then slightly reduces with raising the sintering temperature, which is due to grain growth [9, 18, 19] (Fig. 3 b-d). Fig. 5 b shows the Vickers hardness of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites sintered at 1400  °C versus TiN0.3 content. The Vickers hardness of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites with different TiN0.3 contents from 10 vol% to 40 vol% reaches to a range of 17–19 GPa, which is no significant difference from that of pure Al2O3 and close to that of Al2O3–TiN nanocomposites [1]. Fig. 6 shows the bending strength of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites sintered at 1400  °C versus TiN0.3 content. The bending strength of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites sintered at 1400  °C increases with increasing TiN0.3 contents from 10 vol% to 40 vol%, and is higher than that of Al2O3 ceramics. As adding TiN0.3 into Al2O3 matrix, the microstructure is improved and the grain boundaries are strengthened, which lead to an increase in the bending strength of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites. The fracture toughness of the composite with 30 vol% TiN0.3 sintered at 1500  °C reaches to the highest value of 6.91 MPa m1/2, as shown in Fig. 5 a, which is much higher than that of nano- or micron-sized Al2O3–TiN composites [1, 4, 5, 9, 20]. And the fracture toughness of the composites sintered at 1400  °C increases with the addition of TiN0.3, and presents a maximum value of 6.60 MPa m1/2 at 30 vol% TiN0.3, then decreases with further increasing the amount of TiN0.3, as shown in Fig. 5 b. These results are in agreement with previous studies [1, 4, 5, 9, 20]. For particulate reinforced composites, many toughening mechanisms such as crack pinning, microcrack toughening, crack deflection, residual stress toughening and crack bridging have been proposed. For TiN–Al2O3 composites, Li et al. [1] reported that possible toughening mechanisms are crack deflections and/ or crack pinning; Shen et al. [9] pointed out that the predominating toughening mechanism is related to crack tilting and twisting caused by thermal expansion and/ or elastic modulus mismatch stresses. It is difficult to indicate a prevailing toughening mechanism. In this research, maybe some of these toughening mechanisms are active at the same time. Nonetheless, due to structure defect, TiN0.3 may have an important influence on the fracture toughness. It will be discussed subsequently in more detail. 4. Discussion The above experimental results suggest that adding a nonstoichiometric TiN0.3 phase is more effective for improving the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites. To explain the phenomenon, based on the first-principles density functional theory [15, 16, 21], the density of states (DOS) for TiN and TiNx was calculated, as shown in Fig 7. Close to the Fermi level, the DOS for TiN consists of hybridized Ti-3d and N-2p states, as shown in Fig. 7. It can be seen that the DOS for TiN at the Fermi level is not at the minimum and mainly dominated by Ti-3d states. This is an evidence that the cohesion in TiN is a complex mixture of covalent, ionic (a little) and metallic types. The new structures in the DOS for TiNx near the Fermi level can clearly be seen in Fig. 7, which are called ‘vacancy state associated structures’ [15, 16]. It can be explained by symmetry changes resulting from the vacancy sites in the lattice. Titanium atoms are completely equivalent in a perfect stoichiometric rocksalt structure. But, in a nonstoichiometric structure, both Ti neighboring levels of symmetry interact together through a vacancy (symbolized by à ¢- ¡) to establish a Ti–à ¢- ¡Ã¢â‚¬â€œTi bond which is absent in the stoichiometric titanium compound. In other words, the covalent bonding is weakened and the metallic bonding is strengthened as the nitrogen concentration is reduced in nonstoichiometric TiNx, which are indicated by the peaks observed near the Fermi level on the DOS curves in Fig. 7 and in accordance with Refs. [15, 16]. Al2O3 is a kind of brittle material due to the lack of active slip system essentially. The active slip systems determined by covalent bonding for the nitrides can be increased by adding a nonstoichiometric material. Rowcliffe et al. [22] had reported that TiC has the {111} 0> slip system at high temperature and the {110} 0> slip system at room temperature. The root cause of the change of the slip systems is that the cohesion in TiC is a complex mixture of covalent, ionic (a little) and metallic types. At low temperature, the bonding is covalent with strong, directional bonding between neighboring carbon and metal atoms; as the temperature is raised, electrons are transferred from these bonds into less localized metallic states. Such a transfer has the effect of reducing both the directionality and strength of the bonds. They also pointed out that the covalent contribution to bonding becomes less as the carbon concentration in nonstoichiometric TiCx decreases [20]. TiC and TiN crystals belong to the same space group (FM-3M, cubic system) and the atomic radii of C and N are closed. It is inferred that TiN (or TiNx) has the similar slip system. Same as previous analysis, the nitrogen concentration in TiN0.3 is very low, which leads to weakening covalent bond and strengthening metallic bond. Maybe the {111} 0> slip system, or some of it, is active at room temperature. In other words, there may be more active slip systems at room temperature in Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites. This is a major reason for the improvement of the fracture toughness of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites. 4. Conclusions This paper introduces a new and effective method to improve the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites by adding a nonstoichiometric material. Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites were prepared via SPS at a relatively low temperature. The fracture toughness and bending strength of the composites have been greatly improved and the hardness is almost identical to that of Al2O3 matrix. Based on the first-principles density functional theory, the DOS for TiN and TiNx was calculated. The covalent bonding is weakened and the metallic bonding is strengthened as the nitrogen concentration is reduced in nonstoichiometric TiNx. The active slip systems determined by covalent bonding for the nitrides are possibly increased by adding nonstoichiometric TiN0.3, which improves the fracture toughness of Al2O3-based composites. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, the Science and Technology Foundation of Hebei (E2012203116), the Key Item of Education Department of Hebei (ZH2012003), Synergy Innovation Plan Project of College of Mechanical Engineering (JX2014-3), and Heavy Machinery Synergy Innovation Plan Project (ZX01-20140100-01). References [1] Jingguo Li, Lian Gao, Jingkun Guo. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of TiN–Al2O3 nanocomposites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2003; 23: 74-6. [2] Songlin Ran, Lian Gao. Electrical properties and microstructural evolution of ZrO2–Al2O3–TiN nanocomposites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Ceram. Int. 2012; 38: 4928-6. [3] Bellosi A., Guicciardi S., Tampieri A.. Development and characterization of electroconductive Si3N4–TiN composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 1992; 9: 93-11. [4] Rak Z. S., Czechowski J.. Manufacture and properties of Al2O3–TiN particulate composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 1998; 18: 380-8. [5] Bellosi A., Portu G. D., Guicciardi S.. Preparation and properties of electroconductive Al2O3-based composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 1992; 10: 315-9. [6] Eric Laarz, Mats Carlsson, Benot Vivien, Mats Johnsson, Mats Nygren, Lennart Bergstrà ¶m. Colloidal processing of Al2O3-based composites reinforced with TiN and TiC particulates, whiskers and nanoparticles, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2001; 21: 1035-9. [7] Z. J. Shen, M. Johnsson, M. Nygren. TiN/Al2O3 composites and graded laminates thereof consolidated by spark plasma sintering. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2003; 23: 1068-8. [8] Y.H. Fei, C.Z. Huang, H.L. Liu, B. Zou. Mechanical properties of Al2O3–TiC–TiN ceramictoolmaterials. Ceram. Int. 2014; 40: 10209-5. [9] Zhijian Shen, Mats Johnsson, Mats Nygren. TiN/Al2O3 composites and graded laminates thereof consolidated by spark plasma sintering. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2003; 23: 1068-8. [10]J. F. Sun, M. Z. Wangà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Y. C. Zhao, X. P. Li, B. Y. Liang. Synthesis of titanium nitride powders by reactive ball milling of titanium and urea. J. Alloys Compd. 2009; 482: L31-3. [11] Shuai Xu, MingzhiWang, LinaQiao, JianliBing, QinZou, YuchengZhao. Enhancing the sinteringability of TiNx by introduction of nitrogen vacancy defects. Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 9514–9520. [12] A.S. Kurlov, A.I. Gusev. Effect of nonstoichiometry of NbCy and TaCy powders on their high–energy ball milling. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2014; 46: 136-12. [13] A.S. Kurlov, A.I. Gusev. High–energy milling of nonstoichiometric carbides: Effect of nonstoichiometry on particle size of nanopowders. J. Alloys Compd. 2014; 582: 118-11. [14] M. Kirihara, A. Itou, T. Noguchi, J. Yamamoto. Tantalum carbide or niobium carbide catalyzed oxidation of sulfides with hydrogen peroxide: Highly efficient and chemoselective syntheses of sulfoxides and sulfones. Synlett 2010; 21: 1561-5. [15] M. Guemmaz, A. Mosser, J.-C. Parlebas. Electronic changes induced by vacancies on spectral and elastic properties of titanium carbides and nitrides. J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2000; 107: 101-11. [16] I.Pollini , A.Mosser , J.C. Parlebasb. Electronic, spectroscopic and elastic properties of early transition metal compounds. Physics Reports 2001; 355: 1-72. [17] G.R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B. R. Lawn, D. B. Marshall, Acritical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I, direct crack measurements, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (9) (1981) 533–538. [18] Shen Z. J., Johnsson M., Zhao Z., Nygren M.. Spark plasma sintering of Al2O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2002; 85 (8): 1927-7. [19] Evans A. G., Charles E. A.. Fracture toughness determination by intentation. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1976; 59 (7-8): 372-2. [20] Egawa T., Ichikizaki T., Tsukamoto H., Tsunoda H., Shimoyama T.. Material characteristics and cutting performance of TiN–Al2O3 ceramic tool. Int. J. Jpn. Soc. Precis. Eng. 1995; 29 (3): 228-7. [21] Y. Yang, H. Lu, C. Yu, J.M. Chen. First-principles calculations of mechanical properties of TiC and TiN. J. Alloys Compd. 2009; 485: 547-6. [22] R. H. J. Hannink, D. L. Kohlstedt, M. J. Murray. Slip system determination in cubic carbides by hardness anisotropy. ProcRoy Soc. 1972; 326 A (1566): 420-12. Figure captions Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at different temperatures in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. Fig. 2 Back-scattered SEM micrograph of polished surface of Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at 1400  °C in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min. Fig. 3 SEM micrographs of fracture cross-sections of Al2O3–30 vol.% TiN0.3 composite sintered via SPS at different temperatures in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min: (a) 1300  °C; (b) 1400  °C; (c) 1500  °C; (d) 1600  °C. Fig. 4 SEM micrographs of fracture cross-sections of the composites sintered via SPS at 1400  °C in vacuum (6Ãâ€"103 Pa) for 10 min: (a) Al2O3–10 vol% TiN0.3; (b) Al2O3–20 vol% TiN0.3; (c) Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3; (d) Al2O3–40 vol% TiN0.3. Fig. 5 Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of (a) Al2O3–30 vol% TiN0.3 composite versus sintering temperature; (b) Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites sintered at 1400  °C versus TiN0.3 content. Fig. 6 Bending strength of Al2O3–TiN0.3 composites sintered at 1400  °C versus TiN0.3 content. Fig. 7 Density of states for TiN and TiNx. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚  Corresponding author. Tel (fax): 086-0335-8061671; E-mail: [emailprotected] Supported by the Hebei Province Scientific Committee of China (Nos. E2012203116, ZH2012003, JX2014-3 and ZX01-20140100-01).

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of God's Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abraham's people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility.   In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects of their humanity rather than the gifts they possessed. This shadow of distrust would have a direct influence on early American New England and on many of its historians and writers, one of which was Nathaniel Hawthorne. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education along with the setting of his hometown of Salem, Massachusetts, is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthorne's works.   In particular, Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" allows the writer to examine and perhaps provide commentary on not only the Salem of his own time but also the Salem of his ancestors.   Growing up, Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his father's devout Puritan family as a child but also due to Hawthorne's study of his own family history.   The first of his ancestors, William Hathorne, is described in Hawthorne's "The Custom House" as arriving with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 "with his Bible and his sword" (26). A further connection can also be seen in his more notable ancestor John Hathorne, who exemplified the level of zealousness in Puritanism with his role as persecutor in the Salem Witch Trials.  Ã‚   The study of his own family from the es tablishment of the Bay Colony to the Second Gre... ... 40 (First Quarter 1994):   67-88. Grayson, Robert C.   "Curdled Milk for Babes: The Role of the Catechism in 'Young Goodman Brown.'"   The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 16 (Spring 1990): 1-5. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." 1835. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Lexington: Heath, 1944. 2129-38. Levin, David.   What happened in Salem?   2nd ed.   New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc, 1967. Mather, Cotton.   "A Discourse on Witchcraft."   Levin 96-105. Murfin, Ross C.   "Introduction: The Biographical and Historical Background."   Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism: Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The Scarlet Letter."   Boston: St. Martin's Press, 1991.   3-18. Shuffelton, Frank.   "Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Revival Movement."   The American Transcendental Quarterly 44 (Fall 1979):   311-321.

Model of Communication Essay

Recently I attended a lecture given by a geriatrician. He was speaking on healthy ageing. Most of the audience consisted of people above the age of fifty years. However there were some youngsters too like me. The appealing fact regarding the entire lecture was that the geriatrician possessed the qualities of a good orator. What is said is not as important as how it is said. All the health related information was given in an easy to understand and interactive manner making the speech structured, intentional yet formal. The audience got bound to be attentive for full one hour due to excellent communication techniques of the speaker. The eye contact of the geriatrician was excellent. His eyes moved in all the directions which kept the audience engaged. He used interesting slides to present his point. The slides did not just contained written words but also lots of pictures and easy to understand graphs. All this made the lecture more interesting. There was a high degree of audience participation as the geriatrician did not just kept on speaking on the topic, rather frequently asked questions. He also scheduled the last fifteen minutes of the lecture for the audience to ask questions or clear their doubts if any. He stood in the middle of the room and his facial expressions, and body language beautifully matched the contents of the message he wanted to convey. He was a lot younger than the majority of the audience attending the lecture but his excellent command on the subject that he was speaking and the matured way in which he was conducting the whole session resulted in a wonderful interactive session. He reworded certain information in order to hold the interest of the few young audience who were present. Thus every element of communication such as the sender, message, medium of communication and the receiver were in perfect synchrony making the lecture a huge success.

Huckleberry Finn, Hucks Strug essays

Huckleberry Finn, Huck's Strug essays In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck must fight against many influences to make his own decisions and be an individual. He struggle against society and his conscience to love and help free Jim without guilt, and stay free and uncivilized. The world that is constantly trying to make him everybody else is both society as a whole as well as Miss Watson, Pap, Tom Sawyer, and his own conscience. Miss Watson tries to get Huck to abandon himself, his uncivilized ways, to live the live of a civilized boy and learn religion. Pap also creates a great deal of negative influence on Huck, including his racist views, drunkenness, and physical abuse. Tom Sawyer lives in a fantasy world of adventure and is always trying to get Huck to play along. Tom gets him to join Tom Sawyers Band of Robbers and live out immaculate fantasies. Another force Huck must deal with is his own conscience that is constantly making him feel guilty and bad. His conscience has been molded by society and holds many beliefs of his time period including racism and the belief that blacks are property. I believe that Huckleberry is successful in being nobody-but-himself. When Huck is living with Miss Watson and being taught religion he learns about such things as heaven and hell, yet always decides to be himself even if that means he cant go to the good place like miss Watson. She was going to live so as to go to the good place. Well I couldnt see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldnt try for it. (p. 15) Hucks daring escape from Pap in the cabin shows to what extent Huck will go to remain himself. He knows he must get out of that situation, mostly for physical well being but also to escape captivity and Paps emotional burden on Huck. As for Tom Sawyer Huck refuses to let himself live in his fantasy world as Huck is a realist and see...

A Farewell To Arms Critique Essays - A Farewell To Arms, Free Essays

A Farewell To Arms Critique Essays - A Farewell To Arms, Free Essays A Farewell to Arms Critique The overall tone of the book is much different than that of The Sun Also Rises. The characters in the book are propelled by outside forces, in this case WWI, where the characters in SAR seemed to have no direction. Frederick's actions are determined by his position until he deserts the army. Floating down the river with barely a hold on a piece of wood his life, he abandons everything except Catherine and lets the river take him to a new life that becomes increasing difficult to underezd. The escape to Switzerland seemed too perfect for a book that set a tone of ugliness in the world that was only dotted with pure love like Henry's and Cat's and I knew the story couldn't end with bliss in the slopes of Montreux. In a world where the abstracts of glory, honor, and sacrifice meant little to Frederick, his physical association with Catherine was the only thing he had and it was taken away from him long before she died. The love that Frederick and Catherine had for each other was more than could be explained in words and Frederick makes it known that words are not really effective at describing the flesh and blood details. Their love during an ugly war was not to be recreated or modeled even as much as through a baby conceived by their love. The baby could not be born alive because their love was beautiful yet doomed so that nothing could come out of it. Hemingway's language is effective in leaving much to the readers interpretation and allowing a different image to form in each readers mind. The simple sentences and incomplete descriptions frees your imagination and inspires each person to develop their own bitter love story.