Neighborhood Essay Topics

Neighborhood Essay TopicsYour neighborhood essay topics may be too general or too specific to your area of research. While it may seem that the topic is self-explanatory, there are a number of factors that make it much more difficult than you might expect. This article aims to address those issues in a somewhat specific manner.One factor to consider when you are writing your neighborhood essay topics is that your topic may be too broad. You may ask yourself: 'What can I say about my local neighborhood that will be read on a national level?' If your focus is being nationally recognized, you will want to narrow down your essay topic as much as possible to one phrase or two. In other words, you will want to find a single phrase or two to highlight your area of expertise. This might be something like, 'The University of Virginia has a large population of African-American students'Richmond is a highly desirable location for investment.'Another thing to consider is that your essay should s erve a purpose beyond the use of the keyword phrases mentioned above. It is probably also very important to include some personal stories about the people who live in your neighborhood. Personal stories can be especially effective because the personal stories allow you to emphasize the beauty and diversity of your neighborhood while emphasizing the unique aspects of your own life. For example, you might include a story about how your family was forced to move out of a house during Hurricane Katrina because it was close to a grocery store.When writing your neighborhood essay topics, consider how they will be used and by whom. You will want to have a subject line that provides the purpose of the piece, but it's also possible to use the last part of the subject line to provide some insight into the theme of the piece. For example, your essay may relate to a particular topic of study, city planning, or environmentalism.Your neighborhood essay topics are going to be one of the best tools you have to promote yourself in the competitive field of academia. Your neighborhood essay topics are effective and powerful because they give you the chance to work with an audience that is receptive to what you have to say. The fact that you are working with an audience that will see and hear your work does not mean that they will respect your opinions or expertise - which is why you should always aim to be as objective as possible in your writing.When you are writing your college essay, make sure that you always approach your topic from an objective perspective. You should discuss the issue from an angle that most likely appeals to the reader and not an angle that will leave them wanting more information. You should also consider using a particular phrase or two or several key phrases to highlight your area of expertise.Finally, if you are working with an administrator or professor, you should use your neighborhood essay topics as an opportunity to convey your enthusiasm for the school and highlight your leadership skills. For example, instead of writing a description of your local bus stop, describe how your weekly hikes with the neighbors has helped you become a better person and make the future brighter for everyone around you.

College Degree Essay - an Overview

College Degree Essay - an Overview The previous component I aspire to gain from college is an excellent life experience that I won't ever forget. Some are highly intelligent in subjects, a number of them are great in sports and leaderships and a few of with YO YO. When you think about the financial, social and cultural advantages of higher education, it's simple to observe how a degree can create a huge difference in your life and career. Higher education is fantastic for many things in the modern world. College education plays a crucial part in our lives along with a key opens many doors of opportunity to success later on and permits us to explore everything surrounding. Possessing a greater education gives people the opportunity to explore their passion. The magic of learning something which is useful and relevant sparks a strong urge to realize. You essay unsubscribe at any moment. Quite often it is not necessarily what you study, but the simple fact that you studied something in any respect. Naturally, because you can see, these aren't subjects for the faint hearted. The Fundamentals of College Degree Essay Revealed Obama should stop by these pioneer programs. White males have a tendency to earn more money than their non-white-male counterparts. Individuals who didn't have college educations were going and obtaining a degree. In Reality its worth getting considerable debt to visit college. If you're prepared to get the advantages of a university degree, Striking Distance can provide help. Education is the one most important aspect in the increase of our nation. For additional information, check out the Purdue on-line Learning site. For additional information, see the Nursing Second Degree site. College degree not only enable individuals to increase their life, income and working position, but nonetheless, it also helps organizations in the work management as it is a lot easier to train knowledgeable employees. Because it gives you a broad range of skills, many college graduates end up in fields that are not what they studied in school. You are aware that earning a college degree is a wise method to improve career success. Though obtaining a college degree will help me in so many diverse ways in my personal life. It's also more probable that the employer will appear at someone with a greater education as more knowledgeable and will qualify for job advancements quicker. Most jobs now require some sort of degree to be able to have a very good position and superior pay. Instead of previous generations previously, the quantity of high-paying jobs which don't want a college degree have plummeted significantly. Now, even most medium revenue salary jobs require some type of college degree. College application essay writing is an incredibly daring job. Writing the college application essay can be among the most daunting pieces of applying to college. College you're prepared to apply, select the appropriate application below. Students learn to improve their skills in distinct areas without limiting themselves to one particular job marketplace. When it's time to finish the admission essay for applying to college, there are lots of. In school, you need to take classes, you must study, you must do homework, it's because in schools teachers have to answer to the authorities in case the outcomes of a certain class are bad. Discover how to track down the very best admission paper service online.

The Benefits of How to Write Results Section of Research Paper

The Benefits of How to Write Results Section of Research Paper The Rise of How to Write Results Section of Research Paper Explain briefly the key points you intend to cover in your paper and why readers ought to be interested in your topic. In the end, if you're writing your paper for a course or for a particular publication, don't forget to bear in mind any particular instructions supplied by your instructor or by the journal editor. As previously mentioned, the abstract is the sole region of the paper that the huge majority of readers see. The abstract is the sole region of the paper that readers see when they search through electronic databases like PubMed. You also will require some discussion about ways to solve them. Secondly, make certain you select a study guide which has a discussion section. You may also establish a discussion section where you are able to interact with your fans directly. The discussion section isn't always about what you found, but what you did n't find, and the way you deal with that. Whispered How to Write Results Section of Research Paper Secrets Your results will appear different based on the research methodology you used. In either case, they may be of importance to others even though they did not support your hypothesis. On the flip side, the results obtained ought to be recorded in chronological order, and with no comments. Important negative results ought to be reported also. Be careful of mistaking the reiteration of a particular finding for an interpretation because it can confuse the reader. Otherwise, maybe you've just provided a summary rather than creating an argument. With our custom made essay offer, you can be certain to get any sort of essay help you're looking for. You should search for a procedure of presentation which makes the information and ideas you're presenting as clear as possible to the reader. The major purpose of descriptive statistics is to summarize massive chunks of information into information that's meaningful. The results section makes it possible for you to summarize the gathered data in the kind of descriptive statistics. The graph needs to have a title that augers nicely with the function of the analysis and all the axes ought to be well labeled. Double-check the accuracy and consistency of all of the data, together with each one of the visual elements included. Meaning, make certain that the study guide not only offers you practice problems, but in addition contains some discussion about the exam. Writing a research paper is a critical element of academics and shouldn't be avoided on account of someone's anxiety. As a student, it's very beneficial to have at hand an inexpensive essay writing service that wouldn't place a strain on your financial plan. Writing the results section of a university research paper may be a challenging job, particularly if you're new in research. Misleading readers could harm the basis for science and have an ad verse influence on patient care. Balancing the requirements of both expert and non-expert readers will raise the effect of your research. In recent, there are lots of who suffer from vision difficulties. Stylistically, results can be organized in a number of ways, and you ought to employ subheadings as needed. Be certain that you understand the sort of paper you are being requested to write. If you would like to learn to compose the methods section, it is crucial to learn to write about an experiment in the APA formatting style. The method section is among the main elements of your APA format paper. The Key to Successful How to Write Results Section of Research Paper Two groups of participants were requested to pass the test as fast as possible, without considering the questions. Once you conduct a study, it's wonderful to let others know that which you have found and what it means. You have to write a scientific research paper in view of the instructions of the APAformat if you wish to obtain a high grade. With it, you are going to be in a position to compose an exceptional research paper and enable all to utilize it for the future studies. How to Write Results Section of Research Paper Features You have to restate the goal of the research in a brief paragraph. If you are searching for a suggestion of a study guide which meets all the aforementioned criteria, we can point you in the proper direction. For those who have results that aren't directly related to answering your questions, or any excess information which will help the reader understand how you gathered the data (like the complete survey design), you may include them in an appendix. It is not unusual to have unanticipated results which aren't pertinent to answering the research question.

Applied_Health_Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Applied_Health_Perspectives - Essay Example    "We must guard against the increasing commodification of human life, its tissues and body parts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦which has the potential to debase human dignity and steer society towards a state where anything goes - if you have the money" Anon, 2010 Analyse the ethical basis of the views expressed in this quotation. Discuss any alternate views which are relevant to the topic and their ethical basis. Conclude by evaluating the effectiveness of any methods used to 'guard against' increasing commodification of human life. You are expected to use illustrative examples throughout and refer to primary literature. Money, money, money: the availability of which opens doors to a lot of possibilities especially in the utilization of human body and/or culture for one’s pleasure. The definition of commodification is based on the Marxist political theory. According to which, anything without a value is given a certain value. This could be anything such as an identity or an idea. This sh ows how with time, the social values have been replaced by market values. Hence, commodification can be defined as the process whereby things are treated as commodities and market trade is expanded to areas that were non-market previously (Stilwell & Argyrous, 2003). Commodification in relation to people is characterized with genetic engineering, cloning, eugenics, social engineering, fascism, social Darwinism, mass marketing and employment. And the most active participants to these forms of human commodification are those with the resources. All these would be discussed further in the following paragraphs. Genetic engineering is referred to the science of manipulating the genetic contents in order to insert genes of desirable traits into the organism. This induction could be done directly to the organism or it could be through an external cell that is permeated with the organism. Genetic engineering does not include traditional breeding of species, and allows man to choose the gene tic traits for its subject. When the genetic content of an organism is added to another host then the resultant is given the name of transgenic. Removing genetic content from an organism is also a part of genetic engineering. Genetic material is the commodity in subject, and when one has the capability and resources to acquire the desired genes the values in human reproduction and childbirth becomes skewed The same holds true for human cloning. Human cloning  can be defined as the process of creating a twin that is a human being who is a copy of another person based on genetics. There is usually not derived from a single fertilized embryonic cell mass. There have been plethoras of ethical outburst related to the concept of cloning. There are two types of human cloning that are discussed more frequently. These are reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning can be described is the development of cloned humans and is considered a crime in many parts of the wor ld, hence, not done legally. The latter, therapeutic cloning is the area of cloning which uses human cells cloning for research and medicine. Another category which is rather novel is the replacement of damaged or failing body with the help of cloning supported by brain transplant. This type of cloning is referred to as replacement cloning. There have been supporters as well as opponents to the concept of cloning. Advocates argue that there is a considerable difference

Create a Writing Technology :: Invention Writing Technology Technological Essays

Create a Writing Technology I never thought about writing something down with a pen on plain lined paper involved technology. It always seemed to me that those things were around, pen and paper had just been there, for one reason or another for the purpose of writing down things, organizing ideas, or just jotting down notes. Much like Ong says, â€Å"The fact that we do not commonly feel the influence of writing on our thoughts shows that we have interiorized the technology of writing so deeply that without tremendous effort we cannot separate it from ourselves or even recognize its presence and influence. (Tribble and Trubek, 316-317) Creating a writing technology is something that takes a lot of thought. The process, materials, words written down, and the purpose of writing things down although common to modern society, was something that proved daunting to create. When I was assigned to create my own writing technology I thought, â€Å"that’s going to be easy.† It was not easy. When conflicted with this assignment, the first thing I had to think about was â€Å"what am I going to write with?† I decided after what seemed like hours of brainstorm, to settle on a stick for a writing utensil. Next came ink. I first debated on creating my own ink, for this I would have to use things like books, or the Internet. Since books or use of the Internet were not in the spirit of the assignment, I used something else. I had to think what would stick to a surface and create enough of a contrast that someone would be able to read it. I came up with the idea of using some sort of fresh fruit. Frozen fruit, although cheaper, probably wouldn’t have worked well. Blueberries, as expensive as they were, seemed to be the best solution. I mashed the blueberries into a little dish, and then began to write. But then I realized I had nothing to write on. Making paper would have been hard. I can’t write on the ground, cause it wouldn’t be as permanent or portable. I found some bark from firewood that my dad had cut up. I grabbed the biggest chunk and began to write using my own creation.

The Meaning of Family Photographs

The Meaning of Family Photographs By Charles Williams |[pic] | |Vanek family members dance. | The family is on vacation. A father takes out his point-and-shootcamera, poses his wife and kids and takes a quick snapshot. Eventually, the photograph is filed away in the family photo album. Ameaningless activity? Maybe not. Everyday, thousands of familyphotographs are taken with little regard for the meaning of therecorded image. Much attention has been paid to scholars' views ofdomestic life.However, relatively little attention has been paid tocultural productions, such as photo albums, that have been generatedby families themselves (Trend, 1992). By neglecting discussion onthis subject, scholars indicate that the home is not a place ofserious academic work (Trend, 1992). But researchers increasingly arestudying the meaning behind the photographs. April Saul won firstplace in the Feature Picture Story category at the 1992 Pictures ofthe Year competition for her portrayal of the American family. Shebelieved that family struggles were an important topic of journalism. I hope what it [winning] means is that the everyday struggles of anAmerican family are as valid in their own way as the struggles goingon in Azerbajian or Sarajevo — and that the private wars next doorcan be as compelling as the bloody, public ones thousands of milesaway. † Family photographs can be considered cultural artifacts becausethey document the events that shape families' lives. Thus, therecording of family history becomes an important endeavor. In manycases, photographs are the only biographical material people leavebehind after they die (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980).But, the impact offamily photo albums extends beyond merely recording history. Interpretation of family structures, relationships and self ispossible through viewing family photographs. The Meaning of family photographs Interpretation of meaning behind photographs assumes that they are ameans of communication (Entin, 19 79). Family photographs can tell astory. One photograph can be a mini-slice of an occurrence, but theaccumulation of pictures begins to reveal threads of consistent themesand patterns. For all practical purposes, they become an informalphoto essay.Much like family storytelling, photographs indicaterelationships within and among the family. Indeed, the family photoalbum is an easy way to initiate outsiders to family history (Boerdam,Martinius, 1980). Photographs provide an easy topic of conversationallowing potential family members, such as boyfriends or girlfriends,to be initiated into family structures and tradition. A key principleto consider when interpreting photographs is that they are produced bychoice. Choices about who, what, when and where to photograph can sayas much about the photographer as the subject.The camera does notsimply record an event but also records what the photographer choosesto see. Photographs are a statement about one's perception of theworld. They are a reflection and definition of self. If that personhas a happy family, then others may perceive him to be a good husbandor wife. Parents' innocent snapshots are important in constructingtheir sense of identity (Merz, 1988). Traditionally, photographs havebeen taken from a male perspective. The father is most often absentfrom family photographs because he is the one who usually commandsauthority, poses the family and takes the picture (Trend, 1992).The family photographer isn't the only one who has authority to shape thefamily image. Other people may edit the photos. Some photographs areselected for presentation in an album while others are rejected. Control of the editorial process can be as important as control overproduction of the photographs. Decisions regarding what to keep,throw away and display can provide valuable information about theperson assembling the album. History of Family Portraiture Portraits of family members originally were produced by earlypainters.Prior to the Tw entieth century, family portraits were astatement of power and profession. Paintings were expensive and timeconsuming to produce, thereby limiting subject matter to heads ofstate, military leaders, royalty or other members of the ruling class. When the daguerreotype was prominent (1840-1860), early inventors andphotographers were well respected and belonged to the social elite. When the process was cheaper, people began going to photographicstudios, usually during special occasions such as weddings where aserious, dignified atmosphere was observed.The well-respected natureof photography, elegant studio furnishings and the knowledge that apermanent image was being created, caused the atmosphere to be tenseand the portraits to appear rigid (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Becausefilm speeds were relatively slow, long exposures were necessary whichrequired subjects to remain stationary for long periods of time. However, in the later half of the Nineteenth century, impressionistpainters such as Vincent Van Gogh changed the manner in which manypeople constructed family portraits.His paintings were of commonpeople in common situations causing a shift from formal to informalportraiture (Halle, 1991). Similar changes began to occur in thephotographic medium during the early Twentieth century. Streetphotographers began operating around family tourist attractions. Atthe time, few people owned a camera so it wasn't unusual to have thefamily's picture taken at the beach by such photographers. As aresult, the clothing and poses became more relaxed and informal andthe backgrounds became more significant. These types of photos wereforerunners to the casual present-day family photograph.By the 1920sand 1930s, photo albums included both formal studio portraiture andcarefree vacation shots (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Advances intechnology increased the ability of the average person to produceinformal vacation pictures. George Eastman had introduced the firstKodak camera in 1885. â⠂¬Å"You press the button, we do the rest,† was thecompany's motto. Improvements continued, including introduction ofthe 35mm Leica in 1924 as well as technical advances such as smallercameras, faster films and flash. The scope of possible shootinglocations was increased with the invention of the flash.Indoorphotography, where much of personal life is conducted, fell within therealm of the amateur photographer. Technical capabilities beganproviding intimate access to the home. Changes in technologyparalleled changes in behavior. As more people owned cameras andbecame familiar with their workings, the photographic process becameless intimidating, and the proliferation of the equipment beganchanging the content of the photographs (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). In addition, people simply became accustomed to being photographed. This in turn produced more casual situations, hence more causalsubjects.In early photographs, the subjects were often posed, muchlike they had been for painte rs. The beach photographers offered amore relaxed style, but they too had the subjects stare straight intothe camera. A new kind of snapshot eventually would emerge that nowdominates photo albums. It shows a group of people engaged in someongoing activity, not necessarily looking at the camera. A downsidedoes exist to the proliferation of simple cameras. When they becameinexpensive and easy to use, they flourished in American society. However, trade-offs were inevitable.The lack of need for technicalexpertise was counterbalanced by a lack of creative control. Point-and-shoot cameras are equipped with fixed-focus lenses andpre-set apertures ensuring that medium range shots are the norm(Trend, 1992). Photography has become easier and thus more popular. Everyone has the potential to take good family photographs especiallysince the introduction of color-negative film which allows moreexposure latitude. The subsequent rise in the number of photos takenconfirms this fact. In the Netherlan ds in 1960, the number of colorphotographs taken was 600,000.In 1974, it was 103 million (Boerdam,Martinius, 1980). The easier-to-use cameras likely have acceleratedthe use of cameras by women to photograph their children. So eventhough the number of formal, solemn occasions is decreasing, thenumber of photographs is drastically increasing. Photographicrepresentation was possible as early as 1840. Yet society wasunprepared for such a revelation. An unplanned social processdeveloped that established which aspects of community life it wasappropriate to photograph (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). As a result,communities established norms that continue to have an effect onsubject matter.Relationships between family members and amongrelatives are less formal and less controlled by religious and otherinstitutions outside of the family than in previous generations. Theinfluence of the church has diminished in some communities; therefore,ceremonies such as baptisms are less essential sources of familyrecord keeping. (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Although most occasionscan be photographed from a technical standpoint, social and ethicallimitations on subject matter remain. Arguments, fights, sickness,death and sex are rarely documented photographically. This hasn'talways been the case.Dead children were photographed during thenineteenth century, sometimes lying in a cradle and sometimes beingheld in their mother's arms. In Austria, so many people went to photostudios with dead children that a public health threat was declaredand the government prohibited the practice (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Very few of these photographs exist today. It is likely that as theywere passed down in subsequent generations, and viewed as being inpoor taste and destroyed. Some researchers even believe that sexphotographs are becoming less taboo (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980).Inany case, family albums are rarely a true and accurate depiction ofthe family. Objectivity always remains questionable. The id ealized nuclear family – Say â€Å"cheese† â€Å"It's only smiles that count in photographs,† states Laurie Taylor inher humorous view of the family photo album. She wonders if the blankstares in a photograph are a testament to the blissful beginning of anaffair, or evidence of its traumatic final days? Photographs offamily members often are constructed with a skewed concept of reality. They usually depict an idealized nuclear family, meaning a husband,wife and children, enjoying pleasurable moments.In her book â€Å"FamilySnaps: The Meanings of Domestic Photography,† Patricia Holland says†The compulsive smiles in the snapshots of today insist on theexclusive claim of the family group to provide satisfying and enduringrelationships, just as the calm dignity of earlier pictures emphasizedthe formality of family ties. † The obsession with depicting thefamily as a united, happy entity is clear. In a study conducted byHalle, no head of the househo ld's divorced spouse appeared in any ofthe pictures, and very few photographs depicted people as unhappy orlonely. The message is loud and clear.Heterosexual marriage andchildren produce a fun and satisfying life. By far, most of thephotos showed the family at leisure, especially on overseas vacations. Formal pictures including those of people in business suits, militaryuniforms or wedding attire did exist, but only accounted for thirtypercent or less of the displayed photographs (Merz, 1988). Likewise,occasions in which a nuclear family would participate are depicted asfun. During the early 1960s, French sociologist Pierre Bourdieupublished a series of photographic essays that he titled Un art moyen.Bourdieu wondered why so many people wanted cameras and why thepractice of photography was so widespread. He believed it was morethan just a natural occurrence. Bourdieu concluded that similaritiesexist within family photographs. In a French market survey heconducted from 1962 to 1963, he concluded that more than two-thirds ofthe amateur photographers he interviewed take their photographs almostexclusively at predictable moments. They photographed particularlyat ceremonies, meetings and holidays (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Seldom are the photos a complete and accurate depiction of reality.Family image, not family history is depicted in the photographs thatare displayed. Major events that strongly influence peoples' livesare completely ignored. One of the most obvious situations that ismissing from the family album is work or anything to do with work(Merz, 1988). This is tragic because labor-related relationships andachievements form a substantial part of peoples' lives. Alsoconspicuously missing are photographs of dead children. Death andwork seem to be taboo subjects in most photo albums. Displaying photographs in the homeCelebration rituals such as weddings or Christenings are recorded;divorces and funerals are not (Merz, 1988). Even within theserituals, the emp hasis remains on the family. A study found thatalmost all the photographs displayed in households were of familymembers (Halle, 1991). Very few photos of friends, colleagues andstrangers were present. Friends were seen in wedding photos, but theevent depicts the joyous creation of a nuclear family. The number offamily photographs that are displayed in households is surprising. Inone study, almost all households were found to display photographs(Halle, 1991).As expected, the number of photos in a household wasgreater if the occupant had children or grandchildren. Although thiswasn't surprising, other factors such as gender were found to have aninfluence on decoration of the home. It was unusual that fewerphotographs were found in homes where the head of the household was amale who held an artistic job such as photographer, architect or filmmaker than for women in similar occupations. The discrepancy may haveresulted because women were more interested in the social aspects ofthe photo graph as opposed to the aesthetic aspects (Halle, 1991).Physical groupings also are important. Most family photographs aredisplayed in clusters. In one study, eighty-nine percent of familyphotographs were displayed in groups of four or more (Halle, 1991). Pictures are huddled together even if the people in them are not. People are very seldom presented alone. It is very rare to find aphoto of one person displayed by itself, especially when that personis an adult resident of the house. This occurred in less than onehalf of one percent of the households that were tested (Halle, 1991).Children are often depicted alone, but they are too young to beexpected to maintain meaningful relationships. Those that aremeaningful are subject to transition. Today's high divorce rate castsa shadow over the nuclear family. Thus, the method of displayingphotographs may signify the instability of modern-day relationships. Most pictures are likely to stand free on tables, dressers, mantles orother flat s urfaces as opposed to walls. Only about a third of familyphotographs hang on walls. Photos that are not hung on walls are moreeasily interchanged and regrouped. Social StructureFundamental changes to American society and the family structure maybe hampering the production of ancestral photography (Halle, 1991). The ties that once bound children to their parents are no longerpresent. Nursing homes, social security and pension plans haverelieved the youth from supporting their parents. Older people havebeen moving south to retirement communities, sometimes away from theirfamilies, so they can enjoy the warm weather. The manner in whichchildren relate to their parents has changed over the past fiftyyears, and the changing relationships may be reflected though thedisplay of photographs.Between 42 and 62 percent of households in onestudy displayed pictures of at least one parent. (Halle, 1991). Thenumbers quickly decreased as further generations were explored. Aboutten percent of househo lds displayed a picture of at least onegrandparent, and about three percent displayed a picture of greatgrandparents. Of course, it is possible that the families may haveowned pictures but simply did not display them. Social class appearsto be a factor in the display of photographs. Differences wereobserved between albums produced by middle-class families and familiesof lower income or working classes.People with middle-classlifestyles had higher proportions of photographs of mutual friends andfriends of their children than working-class families (Gardner, 1991). Presumably due to increased social ties associated with more socialprominence. Working-class family albums included more pictures of thehusband's friends than the wife's. Segregated friendship patterns arecommonly found among working-class couples where the male is in chargeof the household (Gardner, 1991). Working-class families' albums wereless kin oriented, but they see each other more often causinginteraction to become more routine.As an event becomes common, it isless likely to be photographed. In addition to social classdifferences, cultural differences may be a factor in the display ofphotographs. Only one in 105 households that were included in asample displayed a school photograph of a child together withclassmates (Halle, 1991). The home was occupied by a Japanese couple. Japanese society tends to be more collective than American society. Role Behavior An examination of photo albums was made to determine if differencesoccurred in the portrayal of people as they assumed the role ofparents (Titus, 1976).Repetitive patterns in the parenting role canbe observed through photographs including feeding, holding the childand interactions with relatives. Albums were examined to determine ifthe photographs of parents after they had their first child weredifferent than those after they had subsequent children. It wasassumed that parents would become accustomed to many of the rolechanges, and the subsequ ent photographs would reflect these changes. Photographs of mothers caring for their first child were far moreprevalent than with subsequent children (Titus, 1976).The same wastrue of fathers. The number of solo portraits also decreased afterthe first child although this may not constitute a difference inaffection toward the first born, but simply an accustomization to newroles (Titus, 1976). Both the parents and the newborn child mustlearn new behavior. Parents may not have to re-learn their behaviorwith subsequent children. Even though one spouse may be more inclinedto take photographs, both spouses were significantly represented inparenting photographs (Titus, 1976).However, most photographs werepredominately of pleasant tasks such as holding and feeding. While itmay have been necessary to hold children in order to present them tothe camera, this wouldn't have been the case when feeding. Picturesof parents feeding children were far more likely to occur with thefirst child. Very f ew photos of unpleasant tasks such as diaperingand bathing were included in the albums. Therapeutic uses of family photographs Photographs can prove to be an invaluable source of information whenresolving personal problems.Photographs are not subject to memoryrecollection, and a person's portrayal of events can be quitedifferent from what appears in the photographs (Kaslow, 1979). Theinformation is intimate because family photographs are collected fromthe inside compared with journalistic institutions, which usuallyoperate as outsiders (Titus, 1976). Photo albums and home moviesprovide the richest sources of memories about the family (Entin,1979). They offer an intimate look at personal relationships. Psychologists recently have begun using this display of intimacy tohelp resolve family conflicts.Photographs have the power to conjureup memories, sometimes painful, of bygone years. However, the reasonthat many people take photographs is to preserve happy memories. Whena relationship sours, the photographs that intentionally focus onhappy moments merely exacerbate the situation. It becomes painful toview all the â€Å"good times† without reference to the bad. Familyphotographs now are being used as a means of therapy to discuss thesechanges in lifestyles. The technique, often referred to asphototherapy, is effective because people from all socioeconomicgroups possess photos that can be discussed.A review of familyphotographs can often prompt people to talk about family stories,goals, events and history. Not only does phototherapy help peopledeal with issues of the past, but it also helps renew relationships inthe present (Entin, 1979). The mere presentation of photographs canreveal much about the organization, chaos or fragmentation of aperson's life. If people's photo albums are disorganized andpartially complete, so too may be the case with their lives. Bygathering significant photos, patients often realize that pieces oftheir scrapbook are missing, pro mpting long overdue visits home.Sometherapists are using family photo reconnaissance as a means of dealingwith sexual problems (Kaslow, 1979). Desires toward spouses can beinhibited if deaths of parents, children or loved ones are not fullymourned. Kaslow has found that couples with sexual problems oftenhave a resurgence in desire after reviewing their wedding album. Problems such as female frigidity are sometimes traced back to earlyphotographs of women patients. Many times they appear â€Å"sparklingclean, perfectly groomed and standing prim and proper† (Kaslow, 1979).The way people feel about their bodies can be witnessed inphotographs. Baggy clothes could indicate a puritanical attitude orshame of the body leading to frigidity, impotence or infrequent sexualdesire (Kaslow, 1979). Body positioning such as slumping may indicatedepression just as an upright position could indicate confidence. Thesize and prominence of family members' portraits can indicateattitudes, such as favoritism, toward those portrayed (Entin, 1979). Presentation in inappropriate locations such as the bedroom may evencause sexual inhibition.The storytelling nature of albums allowpsychologists to study patterns of photography to determine if changesin attitudes may be occurring. If a second child is photographedsignificantly more than the firstborn, psychologists may question thefamilies' expectations concerning sex or attractiveness of the firstborn and whether problems such as illegitimacy, handicap ordisfigurement may play a role (Entin, 1979). In her book â€Å"WaucomaTwilight: Generations of the Farm,† Dona Schwartz describes the mannerin which her photographs provided a context during her interviews.The photographs showed details of everyday life and the context inwhich events occurred in the community. The insight gained throughher own fieldwork and subjects' responses to pictures was morevaluable than the actual content of the photographs (Schwartz, 1992). She compa red her interview process with Christopher Musello'sdescription of â€Å"family viewing contexts. † Musello believes familydiscussion of photographs establishes a â€Å"verbal context delineatingwhat should be attended to and what significances are located in theimage,† (Musello, 1980).Conclusions By viewing family photographs, much can be discovered about familystructures, relationships, and the self. Family photographs primarilyserve to remind people of good times with loved ones. This isapparent as the image of the nuclear family is constantly repeated inthe photo albums of most families. Much research remains to be done inthe study of family photographs. Even though American society isobsessed with presenting the image of a happy nuclear family, moreresearch should be conducted on the portrayal of alternativelifestyles.Gay and lesbian couples, alternative families and singleparents need to have their family photographs analyzed to determine ifdiffering lifestyles s ignificantly affect photo content. Also, photocontent produced during transitions in relationships such as divorces,separations and sibling rivalries needs to be studied. Additionally,content analysis of both American and foreign albums needs to beconducted to determine the degree to which cultural differences affectcontent. And finally, additional studies on the factors that affectediting decisions need to be conducted.The literature review producedmuch information on the benefits of photographic analysis topsychologists. However, there was little information on the manner inwhich other professionals, such as journalists, could use theinterpretive meaning of photographs. Historical documents, such asfamily photographs, can provide essential background information aswell as indicate important people and relationships within a story. Through my research component, I intend to discover the manner inwhich journalists use historical documents to provide story context. Because online new spapers ave the capability to provide greatercontext due to the potential inclusion of sound and video, I also planto investigate the way emerging technologies might affect presentationof contextual information. [pic] References Boerdam, Jaap and Warna Oosterbaan Martinius. (Oct, 1980). â€Å"Family Photographs – A Sociological Approach,† The Netherlands Journal of Sociology, v16, n2, pp. 95-119. Gardner, Saundra. (May, 1991). â€Å"Exploring the Family Album: Social Class Differences in Images of Family Life,† Sociological Inquiry, v61, n2, pp. 242-251. Halle, David. Summer, 1991). â€Å"Displaying the Dream: The Visual Presentation of Family and Self in the Modern American Household,† Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 22: pp. 217-229. Kaslow, Florence. (Summer, 1979). â€Å"What Personal Photos Reveal About Marital Sex Conflicts,† Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 5: pp. 134-141. Merz, Caroline. (August, 1988). â€Å"Smile, please,† New Statesman & Society, v1, n10, p. 42. Musello, Christopher. (1980). â€Å"Studying the Home Mode: An exploration of Family Photography and Visual Communication,† Studies in Visual Communication, v6, n1, pp. 3-42. Saul, April. (August, 1992). â€Å"Compelling stories of ‘private wars next door',† News Photographer, p. 45. Schwartz, Dona. (1992). â€Å"Waucoma Twilight: Generations of the Farm,† Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Taylor, Laurie. (August, 1993). â€Å"Camera Obscura,† New Statesman & Society, v6:p. 21. Titus, Sandra L. (August, 1976). â€Å"Family Photographs and Transition to Parenthood,† Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38: 525-530. Trend, David. (Feb, 1992). â€Å"Look who's talking: Narratives of Family Representations,† Afterimage, v19, n7, p. 8.

The Old South versus Modernism in William Faulkners The...

Internal family issues send a powerful message. Faulkner knew that his time was a time of change and he utilized that fact very well. He knew that many others would relate to the Compson’s due to the modernist movement coming about. The power struggle between agrarian ways and modernist ideals was coming to a peak. William Faulkner pits Southern tradition against emerging modernism in The Sound and The Fury through the Compson family’s struggles. Faulkner utilizes Quentin Compson, who strives and fails to be the textbook Southern Gentleman, to demonstrate retaining the old ways of the South. Quentin attempts to be the Southern Gentleman his mother wants him to be. Thomas Nelson Page tells of the Southern Gentleman’s nature when he writes, â€Å"There was the foundation of a certain pride based on self- respect and consciousness of power† (Page 43). This is the closest to being the ideal Southern Gentleman that Quentin ever comes, as his main only sense of pride comes from his heritage and protecting his name with his life. While Quentin ultimately fails in saving Caddy’s honor, he constructs a plan to save her from her own actions. Quentin shows that he will give up his own good name to make Caddy seem virtuous. William Faulkner displays Quentin’s sense of honor and control when he writes, â€Å"†¦and I’ll tell you how it was I’ll tell Father then it’ll have to be because you love Father then we’ll have to go away amid the pointing and the horror the clean