Electronic Stimulation :: essays research papers

Medicine and electronics are rapidly turn a common partnership. Electronics and medicine has been around for over a vitamin C eld. This exercise can be seen in early X-ray machines, as well as early doctors and healers who felt that electricity possessed something especial(a) that assisted the healing process of many illnesses and injuries. But it has not been the exit forty to fifty years that the development and refinement of electricity as medical agent has occurred. Today the medical field of view can not imagine itself without the assistance of electricity and electronic components. In recent years some of the major development has occurred in one particular field ofMedicine, electric stimulation. Electric stimulation is the application of electric current in treatment without the generation of intense heat. This includes electric stimulation of affectionatenesss or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of minor intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.      Studies suggested this therapy is applied to conditions such as ulcers, traumatic or burn wounds, osteoarthritis, and cancer. Electrical stimulation is simply the application of electrical pulses to the body, whether it is for function or therapy. The classical and common example is that of the cardiac pacemaker. The range of clinical uses of electrical stimulation has and is growing wider and includes pain recess (often known as TENS - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve arousal), maintaining or change magnitude range of movement, muscle strengthening, facilitation of voluntary motor function, and orthotic training or substitution.      functional Electrical Stimulation (tarboosh) is a branch off of electrical stimulation. The endpoint FES is applied to systems, which attempt to restore, lost or impaired neuromuscular function. This would include such things as standing and walking in cases of paraplegia, b y the application of electrical pulses to neural pathways or, but less often, directly to muscles. FES is also sometimes known as Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation or FNS. (http//medicaledu.com80/estim.htm, 1999)     At the electrode-tissue interface, where the electrode and actual body come into contact, a conversion occurs between the current of electrons passing through the wires and the current of ions travelwithin the tissue. Then through this externally applied current, the depolarisation of nerve and muscle to threshold is produced by the transport of ions across the tissue membrane. thither are several factors that determine whether sufficient current flows is taking purport impedance of body tissues, electrode size and position, and stimulation parameters.